Performance of pool pumps

C840-12

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C840-12

February 2012

Title: Performance of pool pumps

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C840-12

Performance of pool pumps

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ISBN 978-1-55491-657-3

© Canadian Standards Association — 2012

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced to any form whatsoever without the prior permission of the publisher.

© Canadian Standards Association Performance of pool pumps

Contents

Technical Committee on Residential Equipment iv

Subcommittee on Pool Pumps vi

Preface vii

0 Introduction 1

1. Scope 1

2. Reference publications 2

3. Definitions 2

4. General requirements 3

5. Testing 3

6. System curves 4

7. Determining the energy factor 5

8. Marking 5

9. Reporting 5

   Annex A (informative) Considerations in pool pump calculations 7

   Annex B (informative) Imperial measurements for pool pump calculations 9

   
   

   February 2012

   iii

   C840-12 © Canadian Standards Association

   
   

   Technical Committee on Residential Equipment

   
   

   
   

   G.R. Hamer

   
   

   BC Hydro,

   Burnaby, British Columbia

   
   

   Chair

   
   

   D.C. Dodge

   Efficiency Nova Scotia Corporation, Halifax, Nova Scotia

   Vice-Chair

   
   

   L. Boutin

   Hydro-Québec,

   St-Bruno, Québec

   
   

   R.L. Cane

   Caneta Research Inc., Mississauga, Ontario

   
   

   D. Carr

   Ontario Power Authority, Toronto, Ontario

   
   

   K.N. Delves

   Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario

   
   

   S. Grubbe Calgary, Alberta

   
   

   E. Grzesik Mississauga, Ontario

   
   

   W. Hassan

   Northern Lights Asset Management Ltd., Oakville, Ontario

   
   

   G.D. Henriques

   Henriques Consulting, Richmond, British Columbia

   
   

   J. Hodge Toronto, Ontario

   
   

   A. Kelly

   Canadian Electricity Association, Ottawa, Ontario

   
   

   S. Krsikapa

   Ontario Ministry of Energy, Toronto, Ontario

   
   

   T.K. Lau

   BC Hydro,

   Burnaby, British Columbia

   
   

   C. Le Bel

   LTE Hydro-Québec, Shawinigan, Québec

   
   

   C. Lesage

   Giant Factories Inc.-Usines Giant Inc., Montréal-Est, Québec

   
   

   C. Li

   Hydro One Networks Inc., Toronto, Ontario

   
   

   iv February 2012

   © Canadian Standards Association Performance of pool pumps

   
   

   R. Martel

   Electro-Federation Canada, Toronto, Ontario

   
   

   E. Milakowski

   Ontario Ministry of Energy, Ottawa, Ontario

   
   

   1. Mortazavi

      Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario

      
      

      T.J Orris

      AMCA International, Inc., Arlington Heights, Illinois, USA

      
      

   2. Stricker

   Stricker Associates Inc., Thornhill, Ontario

   
   

   K.A. Veerman

   FortisBC Inc.,

   Kelowna, British Columbia

   
   

   W.R. Wood

   Pool & Hot Tub Council of Canada, Brampton, Ontario

   
   

   M. Hopkins

   Canadian Standards Association, Mississauga, Ontario

   Project Manager

   
   

   February 2012 v

   C840-12 © Canadian Standards Association

   
   

   Subcommittee on Pool Pumps

   
   

   
   

   J. Hodge

   
   

   Toronto, Ontario

   
   

   Chair

   
   

   J.L. Farlow

   Pentair Water Pool and Spa Inc., Sanford, North Carolina, USA

   Vice-Chair

   
   

   P. Angers

   LTE Hydro-Québec, Shawinigan, Québec

   
   

   P. Bach

   Pentair Water Pool and Spa Inc., Cambridge, Ontario

   
   

   J. Baljon

   Speck Pumps, Jacksonville, Florida, USA

   
   

   1. Barnes

      Pentair Water Pool and Spa Inc., Maricopa, Arizona, USA

      
      

   2. Brennan

   Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario

   
   

   E. Grzesik Mississauga, Ontario

   
   

   G.R. Hamer

   BC Hydro,

   Burnaby, British Columbia

   
   

   L. Murray

   Nidec Motor Corporation, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

   
   

   S. Siddiqui

   Zodiac Pool Systems, Inc., Moorpark, California, USA

   
   

   S. Stricker

   Stricker Associates Inc., Thornhill, Ontario

   
   

   K.R. Theis

   Emerson Electric Company Emerson Motor Div, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

   
   

   W.R. Wood

   Pool & Hot Tub Council of Canada, Brampton, Ontario

   
   

   T. Young

   Regal Beloit Electric Motors, Inc, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA

   
   

   D. Stefancic

   Canadian Standards Association, Mississauga, Ontario

   Project Manager

   
   

   vi February 2012

   © Canadian Standards Association Performance of pool pumps

   
   

   Preface

   This is the first edition of CSA C840, Performance of pool pumps.

   This Standard specifies energy performance calculations, marking and reporting requirements for centrifugal pump units used for circulating and filtering water in permanently installed residential swimming pools.

   The products currently available in the market place for use in these applications are predominantly rated, marketed and sold using imperial measurements. Although this Standard has been written using metric measure, it was considered critical for the users of this Standard to maintain some correlation to the imperial measures used by the industry. An annex has been included that shows the imperial equivalents to the calculations used by this Standard. In addition, simple conversion formulae have been provided to allow for calculations made in imperial measures to be easily converted to metric format.

   CSA acknowledges the use of the California Energy Commission Regulations CEC 2009 Appliance Efficiency Regulations – CEC-400-2009-013 (CEC Title 20) in the development of this Standard.

   CSA acknowledges that the development of this Standard was made possible, in part, by the financial support of Natural Resources Canada (NRCan).

   This Standard is considered suitable for use for conformity assessment within the stated scope of the Standard.

   This Standard was prepared by the Subcommittee on Performance of Pool Pumps, under the jurisdiction of the Technical Committee on Residential Equipment and the Strategic Steering Committee on Performance, Energy Efficiency, and Renewables, and has been formally approved by the Technical Committee.

   
   

   February 2012

   
   

   Note(s):

   ( 1 ) Use of the singular does not exclude the plural (and vice versa) when the sense allows.

   ( 2 ) Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains the responsibility of the users of the Standard to judge its suitability for their particular purpose.

   ( 3 ) This publication was developed by consensus, which is defined by CSA Policy governing standardization — Code of good practice for standardization as "substantial agreement. Consensus implies much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity". It is consistent with this definition that a member may be included in the Technical Committee list and yet not be in full agreement with all clauses of this publication.

   ( 4 ) To submit a request for interpretation of CSA Standards, please send the following information to inquiries@csa.ca

   and include “Request for interpretation" in the subject line:

   ( a ) define the problem, making reference to the specific clause, and, where appropriate, include an illustrative sketch;

   ( b ) provide an explanation of circumstances surrounding the actual field condition; and

   ( c ) where possible, phrase the request in such a way that a specific "yes" or "no" answer will address the issue. Committee interpretations are processed in accordance with the CSA Directives and guidelines governing standardization and are published in CSA’s periodical Info Update, which is available on the CSA website at https://standardsactivities.csa.ca.

   ( 5 ) CSA Standards are subject to periodic review, and suggestions for their improvement will be referred to the appropriate committee. To submit a proposal for change to CSA Standards, please send the following information to inquiries@csa.ca and include "Proposal for change" in the subject line:

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   ( b ) relevant clause, table, and/or figure number; ( c ) wording of the proposed change; and

   ( d ) rationale for the change.

   
   

   February 2012

   vii

   © Canadian Standards Association Performance of pool pumps

   
   

   C840-12

   Performance of pool pumps

10. Introduction

This performance Standard was developed to cover swimming pool pumps intended for use in residential permanently installed swimming pools.

The difficulty with selecting the most efficient pool pump is that when in service, these devices need to perform two different functions that require different pump capabilities. Pumping systems for swimming pools are normally designed to provide the function of circulation and filtration, lasting several hours a day and also that of pool cleaning, requiring a higher flow rate but lasting for a much shorter period of time.

The variation of pump performance with speed is described by the Pump Affinity Laws, which state that:

• The flow is directly proportional to pump rotational speed;

• Pressure is proportional to the square of the rotational speed; and

• Power is proportional to the cube of the rotational speed.

It follows that in order for the pump to change its flow rate between filtering and cleaning functions, the motor must undergo a significant speed change and power change, affecting the efficiency of both the motor and the pump. For example, in order to increase the flow by a factor of two, the speed of the pump must double, and the power required to drive the pump must go up by a factor of 8.

The efficiency of an electric induction motor normally increases from zero at no load to a maximum at full load, and then decreases as the load is increased further. There are also a number of ways of changing the flow rate of pumps running at constant speed with their own set of advantages, disadvantages, costs and efficiency implications. The net effect of operating pumps and motors at lower speeds is that when the motor load is reduced, the efficiency of both the pump and of the motor are also reduced.

Attempts to establish a standard or optimal duty cycle for pool pumps is complicated by the fact that pools tend to be fairly unique. Even when the pool structure itself is of an identical size and design as another pool, the associated mechanical support equipment and piping can vary considerably due to lot size, lot grading, power access point, and numerous other considerations that tend to make each installation unique. It is also necessary to factor in the geographical effects due to length of season, airborne dust concentrations, degree of leaf infestation and other factors that will affect the frequency and duration of the filtering and cleaning processes. These factors all contribute to defining the duty cycle of the pump. The unfortunate result from all of these variables is that a pump deemed as very efficient for a specific pool installation may be inefficient if applied to a similar pool built on different terrain in a different geographic location.

It is the intent of this Standard to keep all the options open and to encourage the industry to find the most efficient and effective solutions. From a user’s point of view, the ratio that is most important is the amount of water pumped divided by the amount of energy that had to be used per day (or per season). The factor that best describes these interests is the energy factor in terms of water delivered per unit of energy consumed, considering both filtering and vacuuming operations during the average day. This document has been written so that the energy factor is a prominent measure in determining the most efficient pump/motor combinations.

1 Scope

1.1

The purpose of this Standard is to specify pool pump performance measurements that will facilitate the selection of the most efficient models for performing the combined functions of filtration and pool cleaning.

1.2

This Standard applies to energy performance of centrifugal pump units for the purpose of circulating and filtering water in residential permanently installed swimming pools that require a driver rated output up to and including 3730 watts (5 hp).

February 2012 1