B415.1-10

(reaffirmed 2020)

Performance testing of solid-fuel-burning heating appliances

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  B415.1-10

  March 2010

  
  

  Title: Performance testing of solid-fuel-burning heating appliances

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B415.1-10

Performance testing of solid-fuel- burning heating appliances

®A trademark of the Canadian Standards Association, operating as “CSA Group”

Published in March 2010 by CSA Group

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ISBN 978-1-55491-356-5

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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permission of the publisher.

Contents

Technical Committee on Performance Testing and Rating of Solid-Fuel-Burning Appliances vi

Preface viii

1. Scope 1

   
   

2. Reference publications 2

   
   

3. Definitions 3

   
   

4. Emission requirements — Particulate emissions 6

   
   

5. Test facilities 7

   1. Test room 7

   2. Appliance installation and preparation 8

   3. Additional requirements for central furnace installation 9

      
      

6. Test instrumentation and apparatus 10

   1. Fuel characteristics 10

      1. Weight 10

      2. Moisture content 10

      3. Calorific value 10

   2. Temperatures 10

      1. Air temperature 10

      2. Flue gas temperature 10

      3. Furnace duct temperatures 10

      4. Accuracy of temperature-measuring equipment 11

   3. Flue gas composition 11

   4. Particulate sampling system 11

   5. Furnace duct velocity 13

   6. Furnace external static pressure 14

   7. Electrical power consumption 14

      1. Supply voltage 14

      2. Electrical power consumption measurement 14

      3. Electrical connections 14

      4. Standby electrical power consumption 14

   8. Calibration 15

      
      

7. Burn rates 15

   1. General 15

   2. Thermostatically controlled central warm air furnaces and hydronic heaters 16

      1. General 16

      2. Thermostatically controlled central warm air furnaces 16

      3. Hydronic heaters 17

   3. Other control types 17

      
      

8. Manually fuelled appliance — Specific requirements 17

   1. General 17

   2. Firebox measurement 17

   3. Test fuel 18

   4. Test fuel charge for cribs 19

   5. Appliance operation 19

      
      

9. Automatically fuelled appliance — Specific requirements 21

   1. General 21

   2. Fuel 22

   3. Appliance operation 22

      
      

10. Particulate sampling system 22

    1. Preparation of particulate sampling system 22

    2. Leak-check procedures 23

    3. Installation of sample-collection system 23

    4. Operation of sample-collection system 24

    5. Post-test operations 25

       
       

11. Data collection and recording 26

    
    

12. Operating limitations 26

    
    

13. Results 27

    1. Proportional rate variation 27

    2. Conversion to standard conditions 28

    3. Particulate concentration 28

    4. Burn rate 29

    5. Particulate emission rate, total particulate emissions, and particulate emission factor 29

    6. Average particulate emission rate 30

    7. Efficiency and carbon monoxide 30

       1. General 30

       2. Initial values 30

       3. Combustion equation 31

       4. Fuel constituents ratio 32

       5. Mass balance 33

       6. Moisture in fuel 34

       7. Heat content 34

       8. Total overall heat losses 35

       9. Heat output and efficiency 35

    8. Average vent temperature 36

    9. CO emissions 37

    10. Average efficiency 37

        
        

14. Multiple results within one burn rate category 38

    
    

15. Labels 38

    
    

16. Air/fuel ratio determination 39

    1. General 39

    2. Testing 39

    3. Results 39

Annexes

A (informative) — Sample calculation of weighted average emission rate 52

B (informative) — Total combustible carbon method for determination of energy efficiency of wood heaters 54

C (informative) — Rationale for use of cordwood instead of cribs for testing wood-burning furnaces and boilers 71

D (informative) — Rationale for emissions limits for central systems 72

E (normative) — Direct measurement of the output and efficiency of central furnaces 73

F (informative) — Spreadsheet for calculating the energy efficiency and heat output of solid-fuel-burning heating appliances 76

Tables

1. — External static pressures for the rated output capacity test 40

2. — Burn rate weighted probabilities for calculating weighted average emission rates 41

3. — Specific gravity of commercially important species of wood based on oven-dry weight and oven-dry volume 42

4. — Firebox volume and cross-section, weight, and number of cordwood pieces 42

Figures

1. — Appliance and test fuel information form 43

2. — Duct, air temperature, and test point locations for in-line central furnaces (side view) 44

3. — Duct, air temperature, and test point locations for upflow central furnaces 45

4. — Suggested construction details of the sample-conditioning system and flue gas sampling location in stack 46

5. — Particulate sample-collection system 47

6. — Construction details of the filter holder assembly 47

7. — Connection of measurement devices (single-phase) 48

8. — Connection of measurement devices (three-phase) 49

9. — Dimensions of test fuel pieces 49

10. — Test fuel crib arrangements 50

11. — Test run appliance operation data sheet 51

Technical Committee on Performance Testing and Rating of Solid-Fuel-Burning Appliances

M. Cantin SBI Fabriquant de Poêles International, Québec, Québec

Chair

R. Braaten Carleton Place, Ontario

P. Chisholm Kerr Heating Products, Parrsboro, Nova Scotia

V. Court Grove Wood Heat Inc., York, Pennsylvania, USA

Associate

R. Curkeet Intertek Testing Services NA Inc., Middleton, Wisconsin, USA

Associate

H. Dobbelsteyn Nova Scotia Department of Energy,

Halifax, Nova Scotia

E. Dufour Cheminées Sécurité International Ltée, Laval, Québec

R. Ferguson Ferguson, Andors & Company, South Royalton, Vermont, USA

J. Francisty Pacific Energy Fireplace Products Ltd., Duncan, British Columbia

C. Gauntley Grain Stoves Inc., Blyth, Ontario

L. Gilbert ICC Industrial Chimney Company Inc., St. Jérome, Québec

T. Gottschalk Hearth, Patio & Barbecue Association of Canada, Huntsville, Ontario

F. Granger Environment Canada, Montréal, Québec

E. Grzesik Ontario Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure, Toronto, Ontario

M. Hladysh Selkirk Canada Corporation, Stoney Creek, Ontario

K. Johnson Newmac Manufacturing Incorporated, Debert, Nova Scotia

M. Kellerhals British Columbia Ministry of Healthy Living and Sport, Victoria, British Columbia

Associate

V. Li Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario

Associate

S. Madrali Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario

D. Maftei Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto, Ontario

B. Michael Heartland Appliances Incorporated, Cambridge, Ontario

Associate

A. Myren Myren Consulting, Inc., Colville, Washington, USA

Associate

D. Olivier Association des Professionnels du Chauffage, Montréal, Québec

G. Piedalue Services Polytests Inc.,

Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Québec

J. Richer Selkirk Canada Corporation, Stoney Creek, Ontario

D. Roth Heartland Appliances Incorporated, Cambridge, Ontario

Associate

N. Senf Masonry Stove, Shawville, Québec

Associate

T. Stroud Hearth, Patio & Barbecue Association, Arlington, Virginia, USA

Associate

P. Tiegs OMNI-Test Laboratories, Inc., Portland, Oregon, USA

Associate

C. Wallis Wood “n” Energy Products Limited, McDonalds Corners, Ontario

P. Westlin Environmental Protection Agency,

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA

Associate

T. Joseph Canadian Standards Association, Mississauga, Ontario

Project Manager

Preface

This is the third edition of CSA B415.1, Performance testing of solid-fuel-burning heating appliances. It supersedes the previous editions, published in 2000 under the same title, and published in 1992 under the title Performance Testing of Solid-Fuel-Burning Stoves, Inserts, and Low-Burn-Rate Factory-Built Appliances.

This Standard can be used as a stand-alone document that can be referenced by the appropriate authority having jurisdiction.

The major changes from the previous edition are as follows:

1. this Standard has been restructured to comply with current CSA requirements;

2. this Standard is now written in yard/pound (imperial) units as well as SI (metric) units;

3. the types of appliances covered by this Standard have been clarified;

4. the percentage of maximum burn rate has been revised for appliances that are equipped with a means of controlling burn rate;

5. this Standard now describes test procedures for measuring the emissions, heat output, and efficiency of thermostatically controlled central warm air furnaces and hydronic heaters;

6. the primary units for reporting emissions for large appliances such as central warm air furnaces and hydronic heaters are now g/MJ of heat output;

7. new emission requirements have been added for indoor and outdoor central heating appliances;

8. emission limits for space heaters have been lowered;

9. the equations for determining the heat content of the fuel used for testing are now based on the specific heat of the species in the flue products rather than the enthalpies; and

10. a Microsoft Excel® spreadsheet has been linked to the Standard as a non-mandatory annex (see Annex F) for calculating the energy efficiency and heat output of solid-fuel-burning heating appliances.

    The Technical Committee has made every effort to make the test methodology of this Standard consistent with the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s regulations, where possible. The test procedures described in this Standard are based on EPA Test Method 5G and ASTM E2515. The interpretation of the EPA regulations is periodically updated by the issuance of Applicability Determinations. Anyone using this Standard who also intends to seek EPA product approval should be fully conversant with all EPA requirements.

    Emission limits are expressed in both g/h and g/MJ (output) at the option of the manufacturer, except that central and outdoor system limits are expressed in g/MJ (output) only.

    CSA acknowledges that the development of this Standard was made possible, in part, by the financial support of Environment Canada.

    This Standard is considered suitable for use for conformity assessment within the stated scope of the Standard.

    This Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee on Performance Testing and Rating of

    Solid-Fuel-Burning Appliances, under the jurisdiction of the Strategic Steering Committee on Fuel Burning Equipment, and has been formally approved by the Technical Committee. This Standard will be submitted to the Standards Council of Canada for approval as a National Standard of Canada.

    
    

    March 2010

    
    

    Notes:

    1. Use of the singular does not exclude the plural (and vice versa) when the sense allows.

    2. Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains the responsibility of the users of the Standard to judge its suitability for their particular purpose.

    3. This publication was developed by consensus, which is defined by CSA Policy governing standardization — Code of good practice for standardization as “substantial agreement. Consensus implies much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity”. It is consistent with this definition that a member may be included in the Technical Committee list and yet not be in full agreement with all clauses of this publication.

    4. CSA Standards are subject to periodic review, and suggestions for their improvement will be referred to the appropriate committee.

       
       

       viii March 2010

    5. All enquiries regarding this Standard, including requests for interpretation, should be addressed to Canadian Standards Association, 5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N6.

       Requests for interpretation should

       1. define the problem, making reference to the specific clause, and, where appropriate, include an illustrative sketch;

       2. provide an explanation of circumstances surrounding the actual field condition; and

       3. be phrased where possible to permit a specific “yes” or “no” answer.

Committee interpretations are processed in accordance with the CSA Directives and guidelines governing standardization and are published in CSA’s periodical Info Update, which is available on the CSA Web site at www.csa.ca.

© Canadian Standards Association Performance testing of solid-fuel-burning heating appliances

B415.1-10

Performance testing of solid-fuel-burning heating appliances

1 Scope

1.1

This Standard specifies requirements for performance testing of solid-fuel-burning heating appliances, including maximum emission rates.

1.2

This Standard specifies a method for determining

1. heat outputs;

2. appliance efficiencies;

3. emission levels and composition; and

4. flue gas flow rates.

1.3

This Standard applies to

1. manually and automatically fuelled stoves and fireplace inserts;

2. factory-built fireplaces with a minimum burn rate less than 5 kg/h (11 lb/h), as determined in accordance with Clause 7; and

3. furnaces and hydronic heaters designed to have the useful heat produced by the appliance conveyed to areas remote from the appliance by ducting or plumbing.

Note: Typically, units tested under this Standard will have outputs less than 150 kW (500 000 Btu/h).

For the purposes of this Standard, solid-fuel-burning appliances include manually and automatically fuelled systems (including add-ons and combinations).

1.4

This Standard covers appliances that burn biomass fuels such as

1. cordwood;

2. wood chips;

3. sawdust;

4. firelogs;

5. wood, paper, and other biomass pellets and briquettes; and

6. kernel corn and other grains.

This Standard does not cover coal-fired appliances.

1.5

This Standard does not apply to

1. site-built masonry fireplaces;

2. site-built masonry heaters; or

3. factory-built fireplaces with a minimum burn rate greater than or equal to 5 kg/h (11 lb/h).

March 2010 1