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C22.1CIICHB-18

September 2018

Title: Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional Construction Handbook

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Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional Construction Handbook

C22.1CIICHB-18

®A trademark of the Canadian Standards Association, operating as “CSA Group”

Published in September 2018 by CSA Group A not-for-profit private sector organization

178 Rexdale Boulevard, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3

To purchase standards and related publications, visit our Online Store at store.csagroup.org

or call toll-free 1-800-463-6727 or 416-747-4044.

ISBN 978-1-4883-1709-5

© 2018 Canadian Standards Association

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permission of the publisher.

Contents

Preface 6

Canadian electrical safety system 7

Certification of electrical equipment 9

Regulatory authorities (inspection departments) 9

Certification marks 15

Field inspection/special inspection 16

Metric Units 18

Formulas 23

Sizing of overcurrent devices and conductors 25 Allowable ampacities of wires and cables 25 Tap conductors 27

Raceway/cable comparison chart 29

Rule 12-012 Underground installations 38

The maximum number of conductors and cables in a raceway 42

Conduit bending 44

General rules 44

Conduit benders 45

90° stub bends 46

Back-to-back bends 48

Offsets 48

Installation of underground conductors 1/0 AWG and larger 52

Single conductor cables 53

Fuses and circuit breakers 55

Terminology 55

Typical ratings of overcurrent devices 56

Standard ratings of fusible switches/disconnecting means 57 Tandem breakers – Practice of double-lugging breakers 58 Double lugging / double-tapping a circuit breaker 60

Lighting 61

Lighting type comparison chart 61

Maximum overcurrent protection for lighting circuits 61

Motors 63

DC motor types comparison chart 65

Single-phase ac motors 66

Three phase ac motor type comparison chart 70 Example for determining motor insulated conductors and protection 76

Protection – Overload protection 77

Overcurrent protection 77

Feeders 78

Feeder overcurrent protection group of motors 79

Refrigerant motor-compressors 82

Air conditioning and refrigeration equipment 83

Transformers 84

Sizing transformers 85

Polarity markings 87

Standard polarity test procedure 88

Configurations 90

Tap changing transformers 102

Calculation for a low-voltage dry-type three-phase transformer 105 Sample calculation for a low-voltage dry-type single-phase transformer 106

Grounding electrodes 107

Grounding and bonding conductors 108

Grounding and bonding 109

Terminology 109

Solidly grounded systems 110

Ungrounded systems 112

Manufactured grounding electrodes 115 Field assembled grounding electrodes 117 In-situ grounding electrodes 119

Ground conductor connection to grounding electrodes — Rule 10- 118 121

Allowances due to local conditions 121

Electrical protective devices 123

Arc-fault protection 124

Neutral grounding devices (impedance grounded systems) 125

Temporary protective grounds 126

Troubleshooting electrical circuits and equipment 127

Suggested steps to follow in troubleshooting 128

CSA Z463 Maintenance of workplace electrical systems 129

Outlets in residential occupancies, dwelling units, and single dwellings 130

Terminology 130

Receptacle requirements at a glance 130

Requirements for receptacles 131

Lighting requirements at a glance 147

Smoke alarm requirements at a glance 148

Carbon monoxide (CO) alarm requirements at a glance 149

Panelboard requirements at a glance 151

Three- and four-way switching 152

Three-way switching 152

Four-way switching 153

Rule 4-022 – “Neutral” no longer used 155

Electric heating equipment 158

Transformers arc welders – Section 42 159

Welder terminology 159

Take note of Rule 42-004 – Receptacles and attachment plugs 160

Welder calculation 160

Group of transformer arc welders 167

Overcurrent protection 171

Sizing for transformer arc welder equipment* 173

Capacitors and communication circuits 175

Capacitors 175

Communication circuits 175

Power over Ethernet POE technology 176

Electric vehicles 179

Section 8 – Circuit loading and demand factors 179

Ladder safety tips 181 Hoisting hand signals 182 Slings 183

Electrical hazards 184

Shock hazard 185

Arc Flash hazard 186

Safety-related work practices 186

Shock hazard PPE 187

Arc flash hazard PPE 188

Other safety-related work practices 188

Electrical testing devices 189

Identifying potential hazards 190

Rule 2-310 Entrance to, and exit from, working space 190

Section 18 – Hazardous locations 196

Fire extinguisher classes, identification, and uses 199

Section 64 – Renewable energy systems 200

Rule 64-202 5) 201

Excerpt from Appendix B on the interpretation of inaccessibility: 202

Rule 64-060 13) Disconnecting means 202

General information tables 203

Lead acid batteries – Specific gravity 203

Tap drill sizes (inches) — National coarse threads 204

Tap drill sizes (inches) — National fine threads 205

Taper pipe sizes (inches) — National pipe threads (NPT) 207

Taper drill sizes (mm) — Metric coarse threads 207

Tap drill size (mm) — Metric fine threads 209

Single-phase transformations — Ampere ratings and line-to-line voltages 210

Three-phase transformers — Ampere ratings and line-to-line voltages 211

Transformer kVA rating for motor horsepower 212

Motor starter sizing 212

Enclosure designations 214

Ontario’s top ten electrical defects 218

Commonly asked questions and concerns 227

Exerpts from Tables and Diagrams in the Canadian Electrical Code, Part I 229

Extract from Table 1 229

Table 2 230

Extract from Table 3 231

Extract from Table 4 232

Extract from Table 11 267

Table 12 270

Table 13 273

Table 16 274

Extract from Table 18 276

Extract from Table 23 279

Extract from Table 29 280

Table 39 281

Table 41 281

Table 43 282

Extract from Table 44 283

Extract from Table 45 285

Table 53 286

Table 60 287

Extract from Table 61 289

Extract from Diagram 1 303

Preface

This is the first edition of CSA C22.1CIICHB, Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional Construction Handbook. It is intended to be used as a companion to the 2018 edition of the Canadian Electrical Code, Part I.

This Handbook directs the reader to some of the most frequently cited Rules of the Code and other information required by field personnel on a frequent basis. Much of this information is presented in tables that are designed for quick and easy reference. The content is focused towards the commercial, industrial, and institutional construction sector, and includes examples, photos, and calculations. It also provides useful background information related to electrical terminology and procedures. The final sections contain basic tables specifying trade sizes, standard ratings, and equivalents, followed by excerpts from the most commonly consulted Code Tables and Diagrams.

This Handbook is designed to be a quick and portable reference guide in the field. Since the material is not intended to be complete, the Commercial, Industrial and Institutional Construction Handbook is not under any circumstances to be used in place of the Canadian Electrical Code, Part I. CSA Group does not assume responsibility for any errors or omissions resulting from the information in this Handbook.

The Handbook is organized by topic with a table of contents at the beginning. Starting out with metric units and formulas, continuing to fuses and circuit breakers. Motors and transformers are then discussed in detail with examples and calculations. At the end is a list and pictures of the top ten defects found in Ontario, commonly asked questions, general information tables as well as excerpts from Tables in the Canadian Electrical Code.

Note: A note on Code Sections —– the Code is divided into evenly -numbered Sections. Sections 0 to 16, and Section 26 are general Code Sections. The remaining Sections supplement or amend the general Sections, which means the general Sections of the Code are changed or added to, as a means to accommodate the special requirements of electrical equipment addressed in that particular Section. See “General arrangement” in the Preface of the Code for more detailed information on sections and numbering.

Canadian electrical safety system

Author: Tim Pope, C.E.T. Senior Project Manager, CSA Group

Electrical safety is something many of us take for granted. When a consumer buys an appliance, they assume that it will operate correctly when they plug it into a receptacle and that it will not cause an electrical shock or fire. The fact that we take for granted our homes and appliances are safe from electrical hazards is primarily due to the Canadian electrical safety system. The three pillars of the Canadian electrical safety system are standardization, third-party certification, and regulation. How do they all fit together?

Standardization : Better by design

Let’s first take a look at Standardization. To be used in Canada, electric equipment must be designed and manufactured in accordance with the applicable Canadian electrical product safety standard. There are literally hundreds of CSA Group electrical product standards, including IEC standards adopted for use in Canada, as well as tri-national standards harmonized with the USA (UL) and Mexico (ANCE), such as the CSA C22.2 No. 60335 series of standards. Canadian electrical product standards cover everything from toasters to high voltage switchgear, from conductors to generators, and everything in between. Collectively, these standards are known as the “Canadian Electrical Code, Part II” (CEC, Part II). On the other side of the coin, the Canadian Electrical Code, Part I, “Safety Standard for Electrical Installations” (CEC, Part I) is a single Code that covers the installation of wiring systems and equipment. For those familiar with IEC standards, the requirements contained in the CEC, Part I address the fundamental principles of safety contained in Section 131 of IEC 60364-1, Low-voltage electrical installations. Together, the CEC, Part I and Part II series of standards lay down a foundation for an integrated set of requirements that form the backbone of the Canadian electrical safety system.

Regulation : Leveling the playing field

The third pillar of the Canadian electrical safety system is regulation. Inspectors enforcing electrical safety regulations are at the front line of the Canadian electrical safety system as they are often the first to encounter unsafe installation practices or products. The fact that every single regulatory authority in Canada has a voting position on Canadian Electrical Code Committees means that they can immediately bring issues to the attention of the responsible code or standards committee. It also means that the resulting changes are coordinated and developed through a consensus process together with their fellow regulators and other industry stakeholders, the outcome of which is a set of electrical safety requirements that is largely consistent among Canadian Provinces and Territories. Consistent, nationally adopted, safety regulations remove barriers to inter-provincial labour mobility

and trade, and create a unified level national playing field for designers and contractors within all Provinces and Territories.

There are some common misconceptions associated with identifying who is responsible for regulating electrical safety in Canada. First of all, it should be understood that electrical safety is not regulated by CSA Group, by Standards Council Canada, or by the Federal Government of Canada. In Canada, electrical safety regulation is the responsibility of the Provinces and Territories. The one exception is for premises that are federally owned or regulated. This includes airports, post office buildings, federal buildings, military installations, and similar facilities. Although the Provinces and Territories do not have jurisdiction over federal installations, the Federal Government will often direct its contractors to comply with local codes and obtain permits and inspections from the local authority having jurisdiction. The CEC, Part I and its referenced series of CEC, Part II standards are adopted as regulation by all Provinces and Territories, and through bylaws enacted by municipalities having authority for electrical inspection such as the cities of Winnipeg, Victoria, and Calgary. CEC, Part I is also referenced by the Federal Government through the Canadian Labour Code. While standardization, certification, and regulation are the foundation of the Canadian electrical safety system, safety doesn’t simply “happen”. It also requires trained electricians, dedicated educators, skilled designers, diligent inspectors, knowledgeable manufacturers, worker safety organizations, and many other

stakeholder groups. Understanding the connections between each pillar of the Canadian electrical safety system is the first step.