CSA A460:19

National Standard of Canada

Bird-friendly building design

REVISED JUNE 2019

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  CSA A460:19, Bird-friendly building design

  
  

  Errata — June 2019

  Front cover image corrected

  
  

  CSA A460:19 May 2019

  
  

  Title: Bird-friendly building design

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National Standard of Canada

CSA A460:19

Bird-friendly building design

®A trademark of the Canadian Standards Association, operating as “CSA Group”

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ICS 91.080

ISBN 978-1-4883-1908-2

© 2019 Canadian Standards Association

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permission of the publisher.

Contents

Technical Committee on Bird-Friendly Building Design 2

Preface 5

1. Scope 6

   1. General 6

   2. Exclusions 6

   3. Terminology 6

      
      

2. Definitions 6

   
   

3. Bird collision mitigation strategies 8

   1. General 8

   2. Required elevation treatment 9

   3. Glazing 9

      1. General 9

      2. Full-surface glazing treatment for non-vision glazing 9

      3. Visual markers 9

      4. Fly-through conditions 10

      5. Emerging glazing technologies 10

   4. Building-integrated structures 10

      1. General 10

      2. Shades 10

      3. Screens, grilles, and mesh 11

      4. Shutters 11

      5. Louvers 11

   5. Overall site and building design 11

      1. Site design 11

      2. Ventilation grates 11

   6. Lighting 11

      1. Exterior lighting 11

      2. Interior lighting 11

   7. Other considerations 11

      1. Interior vegetation 11

      2. Bird feeders 11

Annex A (informative) — Bird-friendly building design — Overview and background rationales for requirements 12

Annex B (informative) — Protection of birds — Current legal context in Canada 21

Annex C (informative) — Jurisdictions with bird-friendly initiatives 23

Annex D (informative) — Bird collision monitoring protocol 27

Annex E (informative) — Establishing regional criteria for bird monitoring programs — Terrestrial ecoregions of Canada 31

Annex F (informative) — Bibliography 33

May 2019 © 2019 Canadian Standards Association 1

Technical Committee on Bird-Friendly Building Design

K. Snow City of Toronto,

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Category: Regulatory Authority/General Interest

Chair

C. Alexander Walker Glass Company Ltd., Montréal, Québec, Canada

Non-voting

R. Alsip FLAP Canada,

Oakville, Ontario, Canada

Non-voting

J. R. Carley John Robert Carley, Architect Incorporated, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Category: User Interest

M. J. Carreño Quadrangle Architects Limited, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Category: User Interest

S. Denis Walker Glass Company Ltd., Montréal, Québec, Canada

Category: Supplier/Fabricator/Contractor

B. Drolet Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada,

Québec, Québec, Canada

Category: Regulatory Authority/General Interest

J. Flagal Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks,

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Non-voting

T. Flynn Bentall Kennedy (Canada) LP, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Category: User Interest

C. Friis Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Category: Regulatory Authority/General Interest

May 2019 © 2019 Canadian Standards Association 2

B. Gnanam Building Owners and Managers Association of Canada (BOMA),

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Category: User Interest

P. Groleau Feather Friendly,

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Category: Supplier/Fabricator/Contractor

R. Haddad HDD Engineering Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada Category: User Interest

1. V. Harnest Prelco Inc.,

   Rivière-du-Loup, Québec, Canada

   Category: Supplier/Fabricator/Contractor

   
   

2. A. Hobson Western University, London, Ontario, Canada

Non-voting

D. Klem, Jr. Muhlenberg College, Allentown, Pennsylvania, USA

Category: Regulatory Authority/General Interest

N. McSporran Pilkington North America, Inc., Toledo, Ohio, USA

Non-voting

M. Mesure FLAP Canada,

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Category: Regulatory Authority/General Interest

S. Morren Walker Glass Company Ltd., Montréal, Québec, Canada

Non-voting

K. A. Natividad Pilkington North America, Inc., Toledo, Ohio, USA

Category: Supplier/Fabricator/Contractor

C. Sheppard American Bird Conservancy, Pelham, New York, USA

Non-voting

S. Stott City of Toronto,

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Non-voting

A. Vrabec City of Toronto,

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Non-voting

May 2019 © 2019 Canadian Standards Association 3

Y. Yeung City of Markham, Markham, Ontario, Canada

Non-voting

A. Kwong CSA Group,

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Project Manager

May 2019 © 2019 Canadian Standards Association 4

Preface

This is the first edition of CSA A460, Bird-friendly building design.

CSA A460 covers bird-friendly building design in both new construction and existing buildings.

This Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee on Bird-Friendly Building Design under the jurisdiction of the Strategic Steering Committee on Construction and Infrastructure and has been formally approved by the Technical Committee.

This Standard has been developed in compliance with Standards Council of Canada requirements for National Standards of Canada. It has been published as a National Standard of Canada by CSA Group. Notes:

1. Use of the singular does not exclude the plural (and vice versa) when the sense allows.

2. Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains the responsibility of the users of the Standard to judge its suitability for their particular purpose.

3. This Standard was developed by consensus, which is defined by CSA Policy governing standardization — Code of good practice for standardization as “substantial agreement. Consensus implies much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity”. It is consistent with this definition that a member may be included in the Technical Committee list and yet not be in full agreement with all clauses of this Standard.

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   3. where possible, phrase the request in such a way that a specific “yes” or “no” answer will address the issue.

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5. This Standard is subject to review within five years from the date of publication. Suggestions for its improvement will be referred to the appropriate committee. To submit a proposal for change, please send the following information to inquiries@csagroup.org and include “Proposal for change” in the subject line:

   1. Standard designation (number);

   2. relevant clause, table, and/or figure number;

   3. wording of the proposed change; and

   4. rationale for the change.

May 2019 © 2019 Canadian Standards Association 5

CSA A460:19

Bird-friendly building design

1. Scope

   
   

   1. General

      This Standard covers bird-friendly building design in both new construction and existing buildings and is intended to reduce bird collisions with buildings. The Standard provides bird-friendly design requirements for glazing, building-integrated structures, and overall building and site design.

      
      

   2. Exclusions

      This Standard considers design aspects of glazing, buildings, and sites only from the point of view of bird strikes. Other standards and codes make recommendations regarding building characteristics that are not addressed in this Standard (e.g., energy efficiency, building occupant comfort, glazing safety).

      Certification procedures are not part of this Standard.

      
      

   3. Terminology

      In this Standard, “shall” is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the Standard; “should” is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and “may” is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.

      Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.

      
      

      Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.

      
      

      Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.

      
      

2. Definitions

The following definitions shall apply in this Standard:

Acid etch visual marker — a marker created by a process whereby hydrofluoric acid washes across the surface of the glass, creating a smooth, non-porous surface. The acid etch process does not affect

visible light transmittance and can create a variety of patterns. Acid etch visual markers are provided on the exterior surface of glass (the first surface; see definition of Glass surface).

Black hole effect — a condition in which, in some lights, glass can appear black, creating the appearance of a cavity or passage through which birds can fly.

Building-integrated structure — an architectural element affixed to exterior surfaces that is used to create a visible barrier that birds can see and avoid.

Note: Sunshades, exterior screens, shutters, and grilles are examples of architectural elements.

May 2019 © 2019 Canadian Standards Association 6