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CSA W186:21 Welding of reinforcing bars in reinforced concrete construction
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CSA W186:21
March 2021
Title: Welding of reinforcing bars in reinforced concrete construction
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CSA W186:21
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ICS 25.160.10
ISBN 978-1-4883-2271-6
© 2021 Canadian Standards Association
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permission of the publisher.
Technical Committee on Welding of Bridges, Buildings, and Machinery 5
Technical Committee on Certification of Companies for Welding of Steel and Aluminum 8
Preface 11
Scope 13
Reference publications 15
Definitions and symbols 17
Definitions 17
Symbols 19
Administration 19
Requirements for certification 21
General 21
Divisions 21
Application for certification 22
Personnel 22
Reporting of personnel and documentation 22
Review of welding-related requirements and technical review 22
Equipment 23
Inspection and testing 23
Nonconformance and corrective actions 23
Identification and traceability 23
Quality records 23
Welding engineer 23
General 23
Duties of the welding engineer 23
Company visits by the welding engineer 24
Qualification of the welding engineer 24
Welding supervisor 25
Welding personnel 26
General 26
Qualification process for welding personnel 27
Period of effectiveness for the qualification of welding personnel 28
General 28
Welder qualification 28
Welding operator 29
Renewal of qualifications 29
Extent of qualification 29
Records of qualifications 30
Qualification of welding personnel 30
General 30
Processes 31
Consumables 31
Test assemblies 31
General 31
Welding personnel qualifications 31
Fillet weld test assemblies 32
Indirect butt and lap joints 32
Direct butt joint and complete joint penetration weld in a T-joint 32
NLB cross joints and lap joints 32
Test assembly base material 33
Modes of process application 33
Class and welding positions 33
Test and qualifications 33
Test methods 34
Retest in case of failure 35
Upgrading 35
Check testing 36
Welding procedure specifications (WPS) 36
Welding procedure data sheets (WPDS) 36
General 36
Qualification of WPDS 36
Procedure qualification record (PQR) 37
Types of test groupings of welds 38
Limitations of variables 38
Test assemblies, positions, and specimens 39
General 39
Test assemblies for direct butt joints and complete penetration welds in T-joints 39
Test assemblies for indirect butt-splices 39
Test assemblies fillet welds in T-joints connecting bars to structural members 39
Test assemblies for NLB in cross and lap joints 40
Test methods and acceptance criteria 40
Visual examination 40
Radiographic examination 41
Macro-etch test specimen 41
Retest for soundness test 41
Tensile test specimen 41
Retest of mechanical test 41
Range of validity 42
Base metal 42
General 42
Reinforcing bars 42
Structural steel 42
Carbon equivalent 43
Material test reports 43
Design of welded connections 43
General requirements 43
Documents 43
Requirements for welds 44
Types of welded bar splices 44
Selection of welded bar splices 45
Types of welded connections of bars to structural members in anchorages 45
Types of welds 46
Standard welding symbols 46
Single- or double-V groove welds 46
Single- or double-bevel groove welds 46
Complete joint penetration groove welds 46
Flare-bevel groove welds 46
Flare-V groove welds 46
Fillet welds 46
Effective areas, throats, and measured sizes of structural welds 46
Complete penetration groove welds in direct butt-splices 46
Flare groove welds 47
Fillet welds 48
Non-load-bearing joints 49
Design of joints 49
Notation 49
Required joint strength 50
Selection of electrodes and structural steel and determination of joint strength 50
Complete penetration groove welds used for direct butt-splices 50
Complete penetration groove welds used for T-Joints 51
Fillet welds 52
Flare-V groove welds 52
Flare-bevel groove welds 53
Tack welds 53
Electrodes, workmanship, and technique 54
General 54
Electrodes 54
Preparation of material 56
Assembly 57
Details of welding procedures 58
Control of distortion and shrinkage stresses 59
Preheat and interpass temperature 59
Profile of welds 59
Quality of welds 60
Correction and repairs 60
Arc strikes 61
Peening 61
Inspection 61
General 61
15.1.1 | Company’s inspector | 61 |
15.1.2 | Third-party inspection | 61 |
Inspection of materials 62
Obligations of the company 62
Nondestructive examination 63
Radiographic examination of welds 63
General 63
Extent of examination 64
Radiographic procedure 64
Radiographic source 67
Acceptability of the welds 67
Examination, reporting, and disposition of radiographs 67
Alternative radiation imaging systems 68
Magnetic particle examination of welds 69
Liquid penetrant examination of welds 69
Ultrasonic examination of welds 69
Annex A (informative) — Electrode properties 104
Annex B (informative) — Metric and US reinforcing bar data for design calculations 105
Annex C (informative) — Examples of design in welds 108
Annex D (informative) — Splitting forces in concrete surrounding lap splices 121
Annex E (informative) — Welding procedure specification 123
Annex F (informative) — Welding procedure data sheet 127
Annex G (informative) — Suggested areas of study for welding engineers 128
Annex H (informative) — Guidelines for the welding engineer 129 Annex I (informative) — Commentary on Clauses 5.6 to 5.11 130 Annex J (informative) — Advanced quality requirements (optional) 133
This is the fourth edition of CSA W186, Welding of reinforcing bars in reinforced concrete construction. It supersedes the previous editions published in 1990, 1981, and 1970.
Several clauses have been updated extensively and there have been additions as well. The revisions were made to reflect the experience and knowledge gained during recent years. An important consideration was to ensure that this Standard continues to relate to the limit states (load factor) design.
The new items introduced in this edition relate to the X-ray method for non-destructive examination of direct butt joints and the introduction of non-load-bearing joints.
This Standard deals with the certification of companies for fusion welding of reinforcing bars, weld design, fabrication, and inspection of welds of reinforcing bars in reinforced concrete construction. It is not a product Standard and cannot be used to evaluate or approve products. It is not intended to supersede Codes and Standards that govern specific products.
This Standard stipulates minimum requirements that a company must meet and adhere to in order to obtain and maintain certification. Certification is granted by the Canadian Welding Bureau (CWB), the administrative body for this Standard, to companies that comply with the requirements of this Standard. Certification of a company indicates that, consistent with the requirements of the division in which the company is certified, it has the organization, personnel, welding procedures, and equipment required to produce satisfactory welds and weldments.
Production of satisfactory welds and weldments is the responsibility of the certified company. It is the responsibility of the purchaser to ensure, through adequate inspection, that the required quality is attained. Although the CWB makes periodic inspections of certified companies to ensure that they continue to comply with the requirements of this Standard, these inspections do not eliminate the need for a certified company’s quality control methods or a purchaser’s comprehensive inspection program.
This Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee on Welding of Bridges, Buildings, and Machinery and the Technical Committee on Certification of Companies for Welding of Steel and Aluminum, under the jurisdiction of the Strategic Steering Committee on Construction and Civil Infrastructure, and has been formally approved by both Technical Committees.
Notes:
Use of the singular does not exclude the plural (and vice versa) when the sense allows.
Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains the responsibility of the users of the Standard to judge its suitability for their particular purpose.
This Standard was developed by consensus, which is defined by CSA Policy governing standardization — Code of good practice for standardization as “substantial agreement. Consensus implies much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity”. It is consistent with this definition that a member may be included in the Technical Committee list and yet not be in full agreement with all clauses of this Standard.
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CSA W186:21
1 Scope
1.1
This Standard governs the certification of companies. Certification pertains to the capability of the company with respect to welding. Certification should not be construed as approving any products or services of the certified company.
Note: The requirements of this Standard are based on the principle that a certified company has full responsibility for the quality of the welded product it produces, and this responsibility cannot be transferred to its employed or retained personnel or to the administrator of this Standard.
1.2
This Standard provides the requirements for the
certification of companies engaged in the fusion welding of reinforcing bars and the qualification of their personnel and welding procedures;
the design, fabrication, and inspection of welded connections utilizing deformed reinforcing bars;
welding of deformed reinforcing bars either directly to each other or through splice members; and
welding of deformed reinforcing bars to structural or low-alloy steel members used as anchorages in precast or cast-in-place concrete construction either in the fabricating shop or in the field.
In lieu of meeting requirements of this Standard, companies performing welding of reinforcing bars to steel elements may apply testing requirements of CSA W47.1 and have their welding personnel and welding procedures accepted with CSA W47.1.
Note: Some examples of applications that can apply certification of CSA W47.1 are welding of deformed bars (anchors) to structural or hardware elements when installing precast panels to buildings, lifting devices, base plates, ladders, catwalks, etc. Whenever the welding of reinforcing rebars is required to reinforce the concrete in applications like concrete, precast, cast in place construction, etc., provisions of CSA W186 apply. Applications required by the following standards require certification to this standard: CSA A448.1, A23.1, A23.3, A23.4, N287.2, N287.3, N287.4, N287.5, S304.1, S6, S474, S850, and Z98.
1.3
This Standard stipulates requirements for
welding engineers;
welding supervisors;
welders and welding operators; and
documentation.
Notes:
The qualification requirements for welders, and welding operators specified in this Standard are intended to demonstrate an individual’s basic welding skills and to provide a means of verifying that individual’s continuing ability in the fusion welding of steel.
Provisions for recognition of personnel qualified under other jurisdictions are included in this Standard.