AWWA JAW24296
Journal AWWA - Predicting Internal Roughness in Water Mains
Journal Article by American Water Works Association, 11/01/1988
Sharp, Wayne W.;Walski, Thomas M.
Full Description
The equations presented in this article provide a quick method for predicting C-factors (internal roughness) in unlined metal pipes. The equations are based on the hypothesis that roughness height in such pipes grows approximately linearly over time and are verified with field data from numerous water distribution systems. Includes 22 references, tables, figures.