AWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005 (R2015)

An American National Standard

Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding

AWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005 (R2015)

An American National Standard

Approved by the American National Standards Institute

July 21, 2015

Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding

3rd Edition

Supersedes ANSI/AWS A5.28-96

Prepared by the American Welding Society (AWS) A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials

Under the Direction of the AWS Technical Activities Committee

Approved by the AWS Board of Directors

Abstract

This specification prescribes the requirements for classification of solid low-alloy steel electrodes and rods, composite stranded low-alloy steel electrodes, and composite metal cored low-alloy steel electrodes for gas shielded arc welding. Classification is based on chemical composition of the electrode for solid electrodes and rods, chemical composition of weld metal for composite stranded and composite metal cored electrodes and the as-welded or postweld heat treated me- chanical properties of the weld metal for each. Additional requirements are included for manufacture, sizes, lengths, and packaging. A guide is appended to the specification as a source of information concerning the classification system em- ployed and the intended use of the electrodes and rods.

This specification makes use of both U.S. Customary Units and the International System of Units (SI). Since these units are not equivalent, each system must be used independently of the other.

AWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005 (R2015)

ISBN: 978-0-87171-869-3

© 2015 by American Welding Society

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AWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005 (R2015)

Statement on the Use of American Welding Society Standards

All standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American Welding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, or made part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmen- tal bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS stan- dards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.

AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.

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This standard may be superseded by new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publication of amend- ments or errata, or supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editions of AWS standards includ- ing amendments, errata, and addenda is posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Users should ensure that they have the latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.

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Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request, in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society, Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166 (see Annex B). With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered. These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professional advice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individuals do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations of AWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials. It must be reviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommenda- tions, additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committee’s response to the comments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166.

AWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005 (R2015)

Personnel (Reaffirmation)

AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials

H. D. Wehr, Chair Arcos Industries, LLC

J. J. DeLoach Jr, 1st Vice Chair Naval Surface Warfare Center

R. D. Fuchs, 2nd Vice Chair voestalpine Böhler Welding USA, Incorporated

R. K. Gupta, Secretary American Welding Society

T. Anderson ITW—Miller Electric Manufacturing Company

J. C. Bundy Hobart Brothers Company

J. L. Caron Haynes International, Incorporated

G. L. Chouinard Stoody Company

D. D. Crockett Consultant

R. V. Decker Weldstar

D. M. Fedor The Lincoln Electric Company

J. G. Feldstein Foster Wheeler North America

D. A. Fink The Lincoln Electric Company

G. L. Franke Consultant

1. M. Henson The Harris Products Group

2. D. Kiser Consultant

P. J. Konkol Concurrent Technologies Corporation

D. J. Kotecki Damian Kotecki Welding Consultants

1. G. Kvidahl Ingalls Shipbuilding

   1. Y. Lau Canadian Welding Bureau

J. S. Lee Chevron

1. R. Logan Babcock & Wilcox

   T. Melfi The Lincoln Electric Company

   M. T. Merlo Welding Development Consulting

2. M. Merlo-Joseph Apeks Supercritical

   B. Mosier Polymet Corporation

   T. C. Myers Oceaneering Intervention Engineering

   1. A. Pletcher Select-Arc

      1. D. Praster NuWeld Incorporated

      2. C. Pruden BP Americas

K. Roossinck Ingalls Shipbuilding

P. K. Salvesen Det Norske Veritas (DNV)

K. Sampath Chart Industries

J. D. Schaefer Tri Tool, Incorporated

F. A. Schweighardt Air Liquide Industrial US LP

W. S. Severance ESAB Welding & Cutting Products

M. F. Sinfield Naval Surface Warfare Center

D. Singh GE Oil & Gas

P. E. Staunton Shell EDG

1. C. Sutherlin ATI Wah Chang

   1. A. Swain Euroweld, Limited

      J. Zhang Indalco Alloys Incorporated of Lincoln Electric

      AWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005 (R2015)

      
      

      Advisors to AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials

      D. R. Bajek Chicago Bridge and Iron

      J. E. Beckham FCA Fiat Welding Engineering

      1. M. Blackburn Naval Sea Systems Command

      2. P. Campion Carpenter Technology

1. A. DelSignore Consultant

   J. DeVito Consultant

   1. D. England ITW Welding North America

      1. E. Ferree Consultant

         1. J. Fox Hobart Brothers Company

         2. Imaoka Kobe Steel Limited

S. J. Knostman Hobart Brothers Company

W. A. Marttila WAMcom Consulting, LLC

R. Menon Victor Technologies

R. A. Miller Kennametal, Incorporated

A. K. Mukherjee Siemens Energy, Incorporated

M. A. Quintana The Lincoln Electric Company

M. J. Sullivan NASSCO—National Steel & Shipbuilding

M. D. Tumuluru US Steel

H. J. White CB&I

AWS A5O Subcommittee on Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding

J. C. Bundy, Chair Hobart Brothers Company

M. T. Merlo, Vice Chair Welding Development Consulting

R. K. Gupta, Secretary American Welding Society

D. D. Crockett Consultant

R. V. Decker Weldstar

J. J. DeLoach, Jr. Naval Surface Warfare Center

R. J. Fox Hobart Brothers Company

P. J. Konkol Concurrent Technologies Corporation

D. J. Kotecki Damian Kotecki Welding Consultants

L. L. Kuiper Euroweld, Ltd.

T. C. Myers Oceaneering Intervention Engineering

V. B. Rajan The Lincoln Electric Company

K. Sampath Chart Industries

R. D. Strugar Bechtel Plant Machinery, Incorporated

D. A. Wright Wright Welding Technologies

Advisors to the AWS A5O Subcommittee on Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding

D. A. Fink The Lincoln Electric Company

K. W. Gerhart EWI

S. Imaoka Kobe Steel, Ltd.

D. R. Miller ABS

M. P. Parekh Consultant

D. M. Parker Consultant

AWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005 (R2015)

Personnel (Original)

AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials

D. A. Fink, Chair The Lincoln Electric Company

J. S. Lee, 1st Vice Chair Chicago Bridge & Iron Company

H. D. Wehr, 2nd Vice Chair Arcos Alloys

R. K. Gupta, Secretary American Welding Society

*R. L. Bateman Electromanufacturas S A

J. M. Blackburn Naval Surface Warfare Center

R. S. Brown Consultant

J. C. Bundy Hobart Brothers Company

R. J. Christoffel Consultant

*G. Crisi Universidade Presbiteriana

D. D. Crockett The Lincoln Electric Company

*R. A. Daemen Consultant

D. A. DelSignore Consultant

J. DeVito ESAB Welding & Cutting Products

H. W. Ebert Consultant

D.M. Fedor The Lincoln Electric Company

J. G. Feldstein Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation

S. E. Ferree ESAB Welding & Cutting Products

G. L. Franke Consultant

R. D. Fuchs Böhler Thyssen Welding USA, Incorporated

C. E. Fuerstenau Lucas-Milhaupt, Incorporated

J. A. Henning Deltak

*J. P. Hunt Consultant

M. Q. Johnson Los Alamos National Laboratory

S. D. Kiser Special Metals

P. J. Konkol Concurrent Technologies Corporation

D. J. Kotecki The Lincoln Electric Company

L. G. Kvidahl Northrop Grumman Ship Systems

A. S. Laurenson Consultant

K.F. Longdon Canadian Welding Bureau

W. A. Marttila Daimler-Chrysler Corporation

R. Menon Stoody Company

M. T. Merlo Welding Development Consulting

1. R. Miller ABS Americas

   1. Mosier Polymet Corporation

   2. L. Null Consultant

M. P. Parekh Consultant

1. L. Peaslee Wall Colmonoy Corporation

   *M. A. Quintana The Lincoln Electric Company

2. D. Reynolds, Jr. Consultant

P. K. Salvesen Det Norske Veritas (DNV)

K. Sampath Consultant

W. S. Severance ESAB Welding & Cutting Products

M. J. Sullivan NASSCO—National Steel & Shipbuilding

*Advisor

AWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005 (R2015)

AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials (Continued)

*E. R. Stevens Stevens Welding Consulting

*E. S. Surian Air Liquide Argentina, S.A.

R. C. Sutherlin ATI Wah Chang

R. A. Swain EuroWeld, Limited

R. D. Thomas, Jr. R. D. Thomas and Company

1. P. Thornberry J. W. Harris Company, Incorporated

   *S. Tsutsumi Japanese Standards Association

2. T. Vernam AlcoTec Wire Company

   *F. J. Winsor Consultant

   
   

   AWS A5O Subcommittee on Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas-Shielded Arc Welding

   J. C. Bundy, Chair Hobart Brothers Company

3. T. Merlo, Vice Chair Welding Development Consulting

R. K. Gupta, Secretary American Welding Society

J. J. Deloach, Jr. Naval Surface Warfare Center

D. A. Fink The Lincoln Electric Company

K. Gerhart Tower Automotive

P. J. Konkol Concurrent Technologies Corporation

M. J. Ludwig Bath Iron Works

D. R. Miller ABS Americas Materials Department

M. P. Parekh Consultant

D. M. Parker Plant Machinery, Incorporated

M. A. Quintana The Lincoln Electric Company

E. Sampath Consultant

R. D. Thomas, Jr. R. D. Thomas and Company

*S. Tsutsumi Japanese Standards Association

D. A. Wright Zephyr Products, Incorporated

* Advisor

AWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005 (R2015)

Foreword

This foreword is not part of AWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005 (R2015), Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding, but is included for informational purposes only.

This document is the first of the A5.28 specifications which makes use of both U.S. Customary Units and the Inter- national System of Units (SI). The measurements are not exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used inde- pendently of the other, without combining values in any way. In selecting rational metric units, AWS A1.1 Metric Practice Guide for the Welding Industry and ISO 544, Welding consumables—Technical delivery conditions for welding filler materials—Type of product, dimensions, tolerances, and markings, are used where suitable. Tables and figures make use of both U.S. Customary and SI Units, which, with the application of the specified tolerances, provide for inter- changeability of products in both U.S. Customary and SI Units.

The current document is the second revision of the initial AWS document issued in 1979. The history of A5.28 may be summarized as follows:

AWS A5.28-79 Specification for Low Alloy Steel Filler Metals for Gas Shielded Metal Arc Welding

AWS A5.28-96 Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding

Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary, AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials, American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166.

Errata

The following Errata have been identified and incorporated into the current reprint of this document.

Page 26—Figure A2, Optional GTAW Groove Weld Test Assembly for Mechanical Properties and Soundness Change dimensions in the Dimension table as shown below:

AWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005 (R2015)

Table of Contents

Page No.

Personnel (Reaffirmation) v

Personnel (Original) vii

Foreword ix

List of Tables xii

List of Figures xii

1. Scope 1

2. Normative References 1

3. Classification 3

4. Acceptance 6

5. Certification 6

6. Rounding Procedure 8

7. Summary of Tests 8

8. Retest 8

9. Weld Test Assemblies 8

10. Chemical Analysis 14

11. Radiographic Test 14

12. Tension Test 15

13. Impact Test 15

14. Diffusible Hydrogen Test 17

15. Method of Manufacture 17

16. Standard Sizes 17

17. Finish and Uniformity 19

18. Standard Package Forms 19

19. Winding Requirements 19

20. Filler Metal Identification 20

21. Packaging 21

22. Marking of Packages 21

    Annex A (Informative)—Guide to AWS Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rods

    for Gas Shielded Arc Welding 23

    Annex B (Informative)—Guidelines for the Preparation of Technical Inquiries 35

    AWS Filler Metal Specifications Listed by Material and Welding Process 37

    AWS Filler Metal Specifications and Related Documents 39

    AWS A5.28/A5.28M:2005 (R2015)

    
    

    List of Tables

    
    

    Table Page No.

    1. Chemical Composition Requirements for Solid Electrodes and Rods 3

    2. Chemical Composition Requirements for Weld Metal from Composite Electrodes 4

    3. Tension Test Requirements 5

    4. Impact Test Requirements 7

    5. Required Tests 9

    6. Base Metal for Test Assemblies 12

    7. Preheat, Interpass, and Postweld Heat Treatment Temperatures 13

    8. Optional Diffusible Hydrogen Requirements 17

    9. Standard Sizes 18

    10. Packaging Requirements 20

List of Figures

Figure Page No.

1. Groove Weld Test Assembly for Mechanical Properties and Soundness 10

2. Pad for Chemical Analysis of Weld Metal from Composite Electrodes 11

3. Radiographic Acceptance Standards 16

4A Standard Spools—Dimensions of 4 in, 8 in, 12 in, and 14 in [100 mm, 200 mm, 300 mm, and

350 mm] Spools 21

4B Standard Spools—Dimensions of 22 in, 24 in, and 30 in [560 mm, 610 mm, and 760 mm] Spools 22

1. Classification System 24

2. Optional GTAW Groove Weld Test Assembly for Mechanical Properties and Soundness 27