AWS D10.14M /D10.14:2010

An American National Standard

Guide for Multipass Orbital Machine Pipe Groove Welding

AWS D10.14M/D10.14:2010

An American National Standard

Approved by the American National Standards Institute

September 2, 2010

Guide for Multipass Orbital Machine

Pipe Groove Welding

1st Edition

Prepared by the American Welding Society (AWS) D10 Committee on Piping and Tubing

Under the Direction of the AWS Technical Activities Committee

Approved by the AWS Board of Directors

Abstract

The Standard Guide for Multipass Orbital Machine Pipe Groove Welding, AWS D10.14M/D10.14:2010, provides an overview of the subject. The guide presents several aspects of multipass orbital machine pipe groove welding. Among the aspects presented are: arc welding processes, pipe beveling, pipe line up and welding equipment, nondestructive exami- nation, consumable estimation, maximum repair length, and preparation for welding. Multipass orbital machine pipe groove welding of both plant pipe welding and transmission pipe welding are discussed.

International Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-780-1

American Welding Society 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126

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Personnel

AWS D10 Committee on Piping and Tubing

M. P. Lang, Chair Bechtel Corporation

W. F. Newell, Vice Chair W. F. Newell & Associates, Incorporated

B. C. McGrath, Secretary American Welding Society

T. Anderson ITW Welding North America

R. E. Avery Nickel Institute

W. L. Ballis Consultant

1. S. Beckett Alyeska Pipeline Service Company

   1. J. Bloch Quality Hill Corporation

   2. Brown Applied Energy Systems, Incorporated

W. A. Bruce CC Technologies

D. Ciarlariello Mannings USA

K. K. Coleman Electric Power Research Institute

1. G. Emmerson Magnatech LLC

   1. L. Farland Brookhaven National Lab

      S. J. Findlan Shaw Power Group

      D. A. Flood TRI TOOL INC

      G. J. Frederick Electric Power Research Institute

      R. Gatlin Global Industries

      B. K. Henon Arc Machines, Incorporated

      J. Hill Quality Hill Corporation

      D. C. Klingman The Lincoln Electric Company

      M. J. Ludwig Bath Iron Works

   2. B. MacDonald United Association

P. A. Michalski Dominion East Ohio

J. S. Pastorok Shaw Power Group

E. Piet Med-Con

M. Porter TRI TOOL INC

W. L. Roth Proctor and Gamble, Incorporated

W. J. Sperko Sperko Engineering Services

P. A. Tews Subsea 7

J. Tidwell Fluor Daniel, Incorporated

D. J. Tillack Tillack Metallurgical Consulting

Advisors to the AWS D10 Committee on Piping and Tubing

C. J. Bishop Airgas Medical Services, Incorporated

H. W. Ebert Consulting Welding Engineer

G. K. Hickox Consultant

J. R. Scott Pioneer Pipe, Incorporated

AWS Subcommittee D10U on Orbital Welding

P. A. Tews, Chair Subsea 7

1. C. McGrath, Secretary American Welding Society

   1. G. Emmerson Magnatech LLC

      D. A. Flood TRI TOOL INC

      R. Gatlin Global Industries

      B. K. Henon Arc Machines, Incorporated

      M. Porter TRI TOOL INC

      
      

      Advisors to the AWS Subcommittee D10U on Orbital Welding

   2. F. Brazzell Encompass Machines, Incorporated

W. L. Roth The Procter and Gamble Company

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Foreword

This foreword is not part of AWS D10.14M/D10.14:2010, Guide for Multipass Orbital Machine Pipe Groove Welding, but is included for informational purposes only.

This document was created as a result of the recognized need to bring together a description of the various technologies combined in orbital multipass machine pipe groove welding. This document should be of benefit to readers wishing to familiarize themselves with the mechanized orbital pipe welding option to manual or semiautomatic pipe groove welding.

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Table of Contents

Page No.

Personnel v

Foreword vii

List of Tables xi

List of Figures xi

1. Scope 1

2. Normative References 1

3. Terms and Definitions 2

4. General Description of Orbital Machine Pipe Groove Welding Equipment 4

   1. Components 4

   2. Typical Systems 5

   3. Welding Processes Used for Multipass Orbital Machine Pipe Groove Welding 8

5. Pipe Beveling 15

   1. Overview 15

   2. Inside Diamter I.D. Mounted Pipe Beveling Machines 19

   3. Outside Diamter O.D. Mounted Machines for Inline Severing and Beveling 25

   4. Tool Holders 27

   5. Tools 27

6. Line-up Clamps 28

   1. Internal Line-up Clamps with Copper Backup Shoes 29

   2. Internal Line-up Clamps with Internal Welding Torches 32

7. External Weld Heads 32

   1. Overview 32

   2. Types of External Weld Heads 35

   3. Joint Tracking 36

8. Nondestructive Examination 38

   1. Surface NDE 38

   2. Volumetric Inspection 38

9. Multipass Orbital Machine Pipe Groove Welding of Plant Piping 40

   1. Overview 40

   2. General Considerations 40

   3. Preweld Preparations 45

   4. Production Rates for Plant Piping 48

10. Multipass Orbital Machine Pipe Groove Welding of Cross-Country Pipelines 48

    1. Overview 48

    2. Production Rates for Cross Country Pipeline Welding 52

    3. Welding Training 53

    4. Weld Defects 53

       Page No.

11. Multipass Orbital Machine Pipe Groove Welding of Offshore S-Lay Pipelines 53

    1. Overview 53

    2. Tensioners 54

    3. Clamshell Multihead Welding Systems 55

    4. Production Rates for S-Lay 55

12. Multipass Orbital Machine Pipe Groove Welding of Offshore J-Lay Pipelines 55

    1. Pipe Joints 55

    2. Welding Deck 55

    3. Inspection 56

    4. Production Rates for J-Lay 56

13. Multipass Orbital Machine Pipe Groove Welding of Offshore Reel Lay Pipelines 56

14. Calculation of Filler Metal Requirement 56

15. Calculation of Shield Gas Requirement 56

16. Engineering Critical Assessments 57

17. Maximum Weld Repair Lengths 57

18. Safety 57

Annex A Informative—Guidelines for the Preparation of Technical Inquiries 59

Annex B Informative—AWS Safety and Health Fact Sheets 61

List of AWS Documents on Piping and Tube Welding 63

List of Tables

Table Page No.

1 Arc Welding Process Summary for Steel Pipe 10

List of Figures

Figure Page No.

1. Typical Orbital Machine Pipe Groove Welding Clamshell Head 6

2. Typical Orbital Machine Pipe Groove Welding System Performing Cross-Country Pipe Welding 6

3. Typical Orbital Machine Pipe Groove Welding System Performing Offshore S-Lay Pipe Welding 7

4. Typical Orbital Machine Pipe Groove Welding System Performing Offshore J-Lay Pipe Welding 8

5. Typical Orbital Machine Pipe Groove Welding System Performing Offshore Reel Lay Pipe Welding 9

6. ASME Joint Designs for Process Plant Pipe Groove Welding 16

7. Joint Designs for Transmission Pipe Groove Welding 17

8. AWS Terminology for Parts of a Butt Joint Bevel and Weld Joint Mismatch 18

9. Material Removal Requirement for Compound Bevels 19

10. Standard Transitions and Counterbores 20

11. Pneumatic Motor Driven Internal Mount Pipe Beveling Machine for DN 50 to DN 150

    [NPS 2 to NPS 6] 20

12. Pneumatic Motor Driven Internal Mount Pipe Beveling Machine for DN 200 to DN 600

    [NPS 8 to NPS 24] 21

13. Electric Motor Driven Internal Mount Pipe Beveling Machine 22

14. Hydraulic Motor Driven Internal Mount Pipe Beveling Machine 22

15. Pneumatic Motor Driven External Mount Pipe Beveling Machine for DN 50 to DN 150

    [NPS 2 to NPS 6] 25

16. Pneumatic Motor Driven External Mount Pipe Beveling Machines for DN 300 to DN 400

    [NPS 12 to NPS 16] and DN 650 to DN 750 [NPS 26 to NPS 30] 26

17. External Pipe Line-up Clamp 28

18. Internal Pipe Line-up Clamp 30

19. Copper Backup Shoes on Internal Pipe Line-up Clamp 31

20. Internal Pipe Line-up Clamp with GMA Weld Heads 31

21. Orbital GTA Weld Head with Torch Tilt Welding a Titanium Joint 33

22. Single Torch Orbital GTAW-P Weld Head in Use on Stainless Piping 34

23. Double-up FCAW Technique using 2 Heads on Cross-Country Pipeline 34

24. Principle of Through-the-Arc Joint Tracking 37

25. Typical Orbital Machine Pipe Groove Welding Head and on Rotating Face Plate used for Plant

    Pipe Welding 41

26. Typical Orbital Machine Pipe Groove Welding Head and Guide Band used for Plant Pipe Welding 42

27. Typical Orbital Machine Pipe Groove Welding Head and Guide Band used for Plant Pipe Welding 43

28. Typical Orbital Machine Pipe Groove Welding Cross-Country Pipe Welding Spread 49

29. Typical Cross-Country Welding Shelter 51

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Guide for Multipass Orbital Machine Pipe Groove Welding

1. Scope

   The scope of this document is multipass, orbital machine pipe groove welding of pipe by arc fusion processes with filler metal addition. The orbital machines described in this document are typically used to weld pipe in plants, such as power generation plants or chemical processing plants, and to weld transmission pipelines, both cross-country and offshore. Offshore pipeline construction includes “S-lay,” “J-lay,” and “Reel-lay.” Each of these will be described in further detail. This guide is organized into sections describing welding processes, pipe beveling, pipe line-up, weld heads, nondestruc- tive examination, plant pipe welding, cross-country welding, “S-lay” welding, “J-lay” welding, and finally reel lay weld- ing. The guide concludes with a brief description of methods used to estimate consumable usage, engineering critical assessments, methods to calculate maximum repair lengths, and safety.

   This document excludes orbital tube welding, which is addressed by AWS D18.1, Specification for Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel Tube and Pipe Systems in Sanitary (Hygienic) Applications.

   This document presents an overview of multipass orbital machine pipe groove welding including the welding processes, pipe beveling equipment, pipe line-up equipment, welding equipment, and nondestructive examination equipment. This document includes the steps required to prepare for and use multipass, orbital machine pipe groove welding equipment.

   The alternative to multipass orbital machine pipe groove welding is manual welding, which includes welding with a torch, gun, or electrode held and manipulated by hand. Orbital machine welding is a form of mechanized welding which offers an alternative to manual welding when the investment in mobilization and equipment costs can be offset by productivity gains. The goal of this guide is to familiarize the reader with the orbital machine alternative to manual welding.

   This standard makes use of both the International System of Units and U.S. Customary Units. The latter are shown within brackets ([ ]) or in appropriate columns in tables and figures. The measurements may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently.

   Safety and health issues and concerns are beyond the scope of this standard and therefore are not fully addressed herein. Safety and health information is available from other sources, including, but not limited to, ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes, AWS Safety and Health Fact Sheets (see Annex B) and applicable federal and state regulations.

   
   

2. Normative References

The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute mandatory provisions of this AWS standard. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced standard shall apply. For dated references, sub- sequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply.

AWS documents:1

AWS A2.4, Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing and Nondestructive Examination

1 AWS standards are published by the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.