AWS C3.12M/C3.12:2017

An American National Standard

Specification for Furnace Soldering

AWS C3.12M/C3.12:2017

An American National Standard

Approved by the American National Standards Institute

May 23, 2017

Specification for Furnace Soldering

1st Edition

Prepared by the American Welding Society (AWS) C3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering

Under the Direction of the AWS Technical Activities Committee

Approved by the AWS Board of Directors

Abstract

This specification provides the minimum requirements for equipment, materials, processing procedures as well as inspection for metal and ceramic base materials that can be furnace soldered. This specification provides criteria for classifying furnace soldered joints based on loading and the consequences of failure. It also provides quality assurance criteria that define the limits of acceptability in each class. This specification describes acceptable furnace soldering equipment, materials, and procedures, as well as the required inspection for each class of solder joint so produced.

ISBN: 978-0-87171-913-3

© 2017 by American Welding Society

All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America

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Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, or educational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appro- priate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet: <www.copyright.com>.

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Statement on the Use of American Welding Society Standards

All standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American Welding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, or made part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.

AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.

AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein.

In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It is assumed that the use of this standard and its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.

This standard may be superseded by new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publication of amendments or errata, or supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editions of AWS standards including amendments, errata, and addenda is posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Users should ensure that they have the latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.

Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard accept any and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement of any patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.

AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.

Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request, in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society, Attention: Managing Director, Standards Development, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166 (see Annex B). With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered. These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professional advice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individuals do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations of AWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS C3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering. It must be reviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are requested and should be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS C3 Committee on Braz- ing and Soldering and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committee’s response to the comments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS C3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166.

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Personnel

AWS C3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering

R. W. Smith, Chair S-Bond Technologies

G. L. Alexy, 1st Vice Chair Alexy Metals

C. M. Volpe, 2nd Vice Chair Senior Aerospace—Metal Bellows Division

J. R. Douglass, Secretary American Welding Society

J. J. Bassindale Woodward, Incorporated

D. E. Budinger General Electric Aviation

J. A. Bush The Prince & Izant Companies

W. M. Coughlan Metglas, Incorporated

R. P. Detty Ajax Tocco Magnethermic

P. Ditzel Parker Hannifin

W. J. Engeron Engeron Technology Group

1. L. Feldbauer Abbott Furnace Company

   Y. Gao Aerojet Rocketdyne

   R. A. Gourley Curtiss-Wright

2. D. Grohoske University of Dayton Research Institute

1. R. Hazelbaker Consultant

2. P. Hirthe Kru-Mar Manufacturing Services

K. H. Holko Holko Consulting

J. R. Jachna Custom Glassworks

D. A. Javernick Los Alamos National Laboratory

G. F. Kayser Aerojet Rocketdyne

J. A. Liguori SpaceX

1. Longabucco Lucas-Milhaupt, Incorporated

   1. C. Madeni Johns Manville

      1. Mårs Höganäs AB

         J. G. Matteau Protech Materials

         R. P. McKinney Harris Products Group

         W. Miglietti ProEnergy

         T. Oyama WESGO Metals

         M. E. Paponetti Solar Atmospheres

         M. J. Pohlman Consultant

         1. C. Profughi Hi TecMetal Group, Incorporated

            1. Rabinkin Brazing and Joining Consultant, LLC

         S. S. Rajan Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems

         R. X. Reed Lucas-Milhaupt, Incorporated

         J. P. Sands Bellman-Melcor, LLC

         A. E. Shapiro Titanium Brazing, Incorporated

         M. Stroiczek Höganäs GmbH

         P. T. Vianco Sandia National Laboratories

         C. Walker Sandia National Laboratories

         1. Weinstein Wall Colmonoy Corporation

            1. R. Xu Rolls-Royce Corporation

               H. Zhao Creative Thermal Solutions

               
               

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               Advisors to the AWS C3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering

               B. Barten Delphi Thermal & Interior

               A. Belohlav Lucas-Milhaupt, Incorporated

            2. S. Bhargava American Axle & Manufacturing Company

         1. W. Bucholz Consultant

            S. Christy Pratt and Whitney

            N. C. Cole NCC Engineering

            1. F. Darling Hayes Performance Systems

               Y. Flom NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

               1. Freund Millennium Industries

               2. E. Fuerstenau Lucas-Milhaupt, Incorporated

                  1. K. Gupta Honeywell Aerospace

                     1. N. Jain Lucas-Milhaupt, Incorporated

                        1. Kay Kay & Associates

                        2. Liguori Consultant

         W. J. Loofboro Lucas-Milhaupt, Incorporated

         E. Lugscheider Aachen University of Technology

         W. D. Rupert Lucas-Milhaupt, Incorporated

         
         

         AWS C3B Subcommittee on Soldering

      2. T. Vianco, Chair Sandia National Laboratories

1. R. Douglass, Secretary American Welding Society

   G. L. Alexy Alexy Metals

   J. A. Bush The Prince & Izant Companies

   1. M. Coughlan Metglas, Incorporated

      1. P. Detty Ajax Tocco Magnethermic

      2. L. Feldbauer Abbott Furnace Company

M. T. Graham The Prince and Izant Company

J. Longabucco Lucas-Milhaupt, Incorporated

J. G. Matteau Protech Materials

1. C. Profughi Hi TecMetal Group, Incorporated

   1. Rabinkin Brazing and Joining Consultant, LLC

S. S. Rajan Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems

J. P. Sands Bellman-Melcor, LLC

A. E. Shapiro Titanium Brazing, Incorporated

R. W. Smith S-Bond Technologies

C. M. Volpe Senior Aerospace—Metal Bellows Division

C. Walker Sandia National Laboratories

H. Zhao Creative Thermal Solutions

Advisors to the C3B Subcommittee on Soldering

N. C. Cole NCC Engineering

C. F. Darling Hayes Performance Systems

C. E. Fuerstenau Lucas-Milhaupt, Incorporated

P. K. Gupta Honeywell Aerospace

T. P. Hirthe Kru-Mar Manufacturing Services

W. J. Loofboro Lucas-Milhaupt, Incorporated

J. C. Madeni Johns Manville

R. P. McKinney Harris Products Group

M. J. Pohlman Honeywell Aerospace

R. X. Reed Lucas-Milhaupt, Incorporated

R. R. Xu Rolls-Royce Corporation

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Foreword

This foreword is not part of this standard but is included for informational purposes only.

This document responds to the need of the structural soldering community for specifications that address the making of solder filler metal joints using furnace equipment. To date, there has been only one other voluntary consensus standard issued in structural soldering, AWS C3.11M/C3.11, Specification for Torch Soldering, published in 2011.

It is the objective of the AWS C3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering to continue the development of other specifica- tions for the structural soldering community. While the respective brazing specifications have provided the templates for AWS C3.11M/C3.11 as well as this document, those documents have been tailored or further amended to reflect details that are particular to soldering technology.

This is the first edition of this specification.

Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this specification are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary, C3 Committee on Brazing and Soldering, American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166.

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Table of Contents

Page No.

Personnel v

Foreword vii

List of Figures x

1. General Requirements 1

   1. Scope 1

   2. Units of Measurement 1

   3. Safety 1

   4. Ordering Information 1

2. Normative References 2

3. Terms and Definitions 3

4. Classification of Structural Solder Joints 3

   1. Method of Classification 3

   2. Class A Joints 3

   3. Class B Joints 4

   4. Class C Joints 4

   5. No Class Specified 4

   6. Symbols 4

5. Process Requirements 4

   1. Process Description 4

   2. Equipment 4

   3. Materials 6

   4. Procedure Requirements 6

   5. Soldering Procedure Qualification 8

   6. Safety and Health 8

6. Quality Assurance Provisions 8

   1. Responsibility for Inspection 8

   2. Requirements for Compliance 8

   3. Sequence of Inspection and Manufacturing Operations 8

   4. Required Inspection of Soldered Joints 8

   5. Acceptance Criteria 10

Annex A (Informative)—Informative References 13

Annex B (Informative)—Requesting an Official Interpretation on an AWS Standard 15

List of AWS Documents on Brazing and Soldering 17

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List of Figures

Figure Page No.

1 Dimensions of Internal Discontinuities as They Pertain to Radiographic and Ultrasonic Inspection Specifications 11

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Specification for Furnace Soldering

1. General Requirements

   1. Scope. This specification presents the minimum fabrication and quality requirements for the furnace soldering of materials that include elemental metals, metal alloys, and ceramic base materials that are in geometries that suit the application.

      The purpose of this specification is to standardize furnace soldering process requirements that will assure that the solder joints attain the quality level designated by the application. This document establishes the minimum such requirements. It also provides explanations with details to prevent ambiguity within the descriptions. This document assigns responsi- bility for solder joint quality to the Organization Having Quality Responsibility and permits that organization to modify requirements as necessary. All such modifications shall be in writing. It assigns responsibility for the ultimate quality of the soldered product to a single organization and permits that organization to modify requirements if appropriate to the application. It requires proper documentation of any such modifications.

   2. Units of Measurement. This standard makes use of both the International System of Units (SI) and U.S. Customary Units. The latter are shown in brackets ([ ]) or in appropriate columns in tables and figures. The measurements may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently.

   3. Safety. Safety and health issues and concerns are beyond the scope of this standard; some safety and health information is provided, but such issues are not fully addressed herein.

      Safety and Health information is available from the following sources: American Welding Society:

      1. ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes

      2. AWS Safety and Health Fact Sheets

      3. Other safety and health information on the AWS website Material or Equipment Manufacturers:

         1. Safety Data Sheets supplied by the materials manufacturers

         2. Operating Manuals supplied by equipment manufacturers Applicable Regulatory Agencies

         Work performed in accordance with this standard may involve the use of materials that have been deemed hazardous, and may involve operations or equipment that may cause injury or death. This standard does not purport to address all safety and health risks that may be encountered. The user of this standard should establish an appropriate safety program to address such risks as well as to meet applicable regulatory requirements. ANSI Z49.1 should be considered when developing the safety program.

   4. Ordering Information. The purchaser shall provide the following information to the fabricator:

      1. Part number and quantity of parts

      2. Parent metal alloy and condition

      3. Solder Filler Metal

1