AWS D14.3/D14.3M:2010

An American National Standard

Specification for Welding Earthmoving, Construction, and Agricultural Equipment

AWS D14.3/D14.3M:2010

An American National Standard

Approved by the American National Standards Institute

May 26, 2010

Specification for Welding Earthmoving, Construction, and Agricultural Equipment

6th Edition

Supersedes AWS D14.3/D14.3M:2005

Prepared by the American Welding Society (AWS) D14 Committee on Machinery and Equipment

Under the Direction of the AWS Technical Activities Committee

Approved by the AWS Board of Directors

Abstract

This specification provides standards for producing structural welds used in the manufacture and repair of earthmoving, construction, and agricultural equipment. Such equipment is defined as self-propelled, on- and off-highway machinery and associated implements. Manufacturer’s responsibilities are presented as they relate to the welding practices that have been proven successful within the industry in the production of weldments on this equipment. Basic dimensional weld details are defined and interpreted for application throughout the document. Provisions are made to identify base metals used in these weldments. Procedures to ensure that they are welded with compatible, identifiable welding processes and consumables are included with consideration given to factors that affect weldability.

International Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-776-4

American Welding Society 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126

© 2010 by American Welding Society

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Statement on the Use of American Welding Society Standards

All standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American Welding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, or made part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmen- tal bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.

AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While the AWS administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.

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This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. Users should ensure that they have the latest edition.

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On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org).

Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request, in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society, Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 (see Annex E). With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered. These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professional advice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individuals do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations of AWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS D14 Committee on Machinery and Equipment. It must be reviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS D14 Committee on Machinery and Equipment and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committee’s response to the comments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS D14 Committee on Machinery and Equipment to express their com- ments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.

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Personnel

AWS D14 Committee on Machinery and Equipment

J. L. Warren, Chair CNH America LLC

1. L. Schweinegruber, Vice-Chair Robinson Fans, Incorporated

2. Rubin, Secretary American Welding Society

D. B. Ashley Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company

B. K. Banzhaf CNH America LLC

T. J. Bruno Link-Belt Construction Equipment Company

J. E. Campbell WeldTech Solutions Corporation

D. J. Landon Vermeer Manufacturing Company

T. J. Landon Chicago Bridge and Iron Company

R. Larsen Vermeer Manufacturing Company

M. R. Malito Girard Machine Company, Incorporated

1. P. Mortale Deere & Company

   1. R. Olsen ARO Testing, Incorporated

J. D. Slipke Rosenboom Machine and Tool, Incorporated

W. A. Svekric Welding Consultants, Incorporated

E. G. Yevick Weld-Met International Group

Advisors to the AWS D14 Committee on Machinery and Equipment

M. D. Bell Preventive Metallurgy

P. Collins Weldcon Engineering

R. T. Hemzacek Consultant

B. D. Horn Consultant

D. J. Malito Girard Machine Company, Incorporated

D. C. Martinez Danmar Engineering Company, Incorporated

H. W. Mishler Consultant

J. G. Nelson Northrop Grumman

P. J. Palzkill Consultant

V. R. Zegers R. E. Technical Services, Incorporated

AWS D14C Subcommittee on Earthmoving and Construction Equipment

T. J. Landon, Chair Chicago Bridge and Iron Company

M. Rubin, Secretary American Welding Society

B. K. Banzhaf CNH America LLC

F. G. Bries John Deere Dubuque Works

T. J. Bruno Link-Belt Construction Equipment Company

J. E. Campbell WeldTech Solutions Corporation

H. B. Craft Trinity Industries, Incorporated

G. D. Fairbanks Fairbanks Inspection and Testing Services

R. M. Gneiting John Deere Dubuque Works

D. J. Landon Vermeer Manufacturing Company

1. P. Mortale Deere and Company

   1. R. Olsen ARO Testing, Incorporated

R. T. Taylor Caterpillar, Incorporated

J. L. Warren CNH America LLC

E. G. Yevick Weld-Met International Group

Advisors to the AWS D14C Subcommittee on Earthmoving and Construction Equipment

M. D. Bell Preventive Metallurgy

W. E. Mumford Production Welding Systems, Incorporated

P. J. Palzkill Consultant

A. D. Wilson ISG Incorporated Lukens Plate

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Foreword

This foreword is not part of AWS D14.3/D14.3M:2010, Specification for Welding Earthmoving, Construction, and Agricultural Equipment, but is included for informational purposes only.

AWS first published the Specification for Welding Earthmoving and Construction Equipment in 1977 to provide a welding specification where none previously existed. By definition, the types of equipment covered by the specification are numerous and varied. Every effort was made to reflect the best welding practices employed by manufacturers within the industry and to incorporate all the various methods which have proven successful by individual manufacturers. This edition builds on these foundations to improve interpretation and effect implementation. Text, tables, and figures have been updated or clarified to reflect more recent developments and promote standardization.

Changes in this 6th edition of D14.3 include the following:

1. Updated requirements in Clause 7 for prequalified procedures using single wire SAW;

2. Updated Clauses 7 and 8 to reference AWS B2.1 as the primary source of requirements for procedure and performance qualifications and removed redundant information from this standard;

3. Clarified the qualification of individuals responsible for performance test evaluations as described in Clause 8;

4. Added some general statements to the Workmanship and Welding Quality Requirements in Clause 9.

   
   

   Underlined areas in text, tables, or figures indicate changes from the previous edition. A vertical line in the margin next to a figure, equation, or other item indicates a revision of that item from the previous edition.

   
   

   
   

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   Table of Contents

   
   

   Page No.

   Personnel v

   Foreword vii

   List of Tables xi

   List of Figures xi

   1. Scope and General Provisions 1

      1. Scope 1

      2. Units of Measure 1

      3. Safety 2

      4. Symbols 2

   2. Normative References 2

   3. Definitions 2

   4. Basic Weld Detail 3

      1. Weld Size Considerations 3

      2. Groove Welds 3

      3. Fillet Welds 3

      4. Combinations of Groove and Fillet Welds 5

      5. Intermittent Welds 5

   5. Base Metals 6

      1. Structural Steels and Nonferrous Metals 6

      2. Properties 6

      3. Weldability and Procedure Qualification 7

   6. Welding Processes and Consumables 7

      1. Processes 7

      2. Consumables 7

   7. Welding Procedure Qualification 7

      1. Scope 7

      2. General Requirements 8

      3. Method I—Prototype Testing 11

      4. Method II—Procedure Qualification Tests for Partial Joint Penetration Groove Welds 13

      5. Method III—Prequalified Welding Procedure 13

   8. Welding Personnel Qualification 20

      1. Scope 20

      2. General 20

      3. Welder Qualification 20

      4. Welding Operator Qualification 22

      5. Operators of Automatic Welding Equipment 23

      6. Qualification of Tack Welders 23

         Page No.

   9. Workmanship and Welding Quality Requirements 25

      1. Scope 25

      2. General Requirements 25

      3. Preparation of Materials 25

      4. Assembly 25

      5. Quality of Welds 26

      6. Repair of Weld Defects 27

      7. Cleaning 29

      8. Dimensional Tolerance 29

   10. Inspection 29

   11. Field Repair and Modification 29

Annex A (Normative)—Prequalified Weld Joints 31

Annex B (Informative)—Suggested Welding Procedure Specification and Qualification Test Record Forms 69

Annex C (Informative)—Recommended Practices for Storage and Treatment of Electrodes and Fluxes 71

Annex D (Informative)—Roadmap for Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) Development 75

Annex E (Informative)—Guidelines for the Preparation of Technical Inquiries 77

Annex F (Informative)—Informative References 79

List of AWS Documents on Machinery and Equipment 81

List of Tables

Table Page No.

1. Z-Loss Dimensions Nontubular 5

2. Z-Loss Dimensions for Calculating Prequalified PJP T-, Y-, and K-Tubular

   Connection Munimum Weld Sizes 6

3. Heat Input Calculations 11

4. Weldability Classification—Typical Steel Products 14

5. Weldability Classification 15

6. Minimum Preheat and Interpass Temperatures 16

7. Filler Metal Requirements for Prequalified Complete-Joint-Penetration Groove Welds 17

   7M Filler Metal Requirements for Prequalified Complete-Joint-Penetration Groove Welds 18

8. Welding Personnel Qualification—Type and Position Limitations 21

9. Workmanship Tolerances for Groove Welds 26

1. Electrodes Covered by AWS A5.1/A5.1M, Specification for Carbon Steel

   Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding 72

2. Electrodes Covered by AWS A5.5/A5.5M, Specification for Low-Alloy Steel

Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding 72

D.1 Roadmap for Development of Welding Procedure Specifications (WPSs) 75

List of Figures

Figure Page No.

1. Skewed Groove Weld 4

2. Concave Fillet Weld Profiles 4

3. Convex Fillet Weld Profiles 4

4. Skewed T-Joint 5

5. Combination of Bevel-Groove and Fillet Weld Profile 6

6. Positions of Groove Welds 9

7. Positions of Fillet Welds 10

8. Positions of Test Plates for Groove Welds 11

9. Positions of Test Plates for Fillet Welds 12

10. Example 1 of Workmanship Sample 21

11. Example 2 of Workmanship Sample 21

12. Example 3 of Workmanship Sample 22

13. Fillet Weld Break Specimen—Tack Welder Qualification 24

14. Method of Rupturing Specimen—Tack Welder Qualification 24

15. Acceptable and Unacceptable Weld Profiles 28

1. Prequalified Complete-Joint-Penetration Weld Joints—Shielded Metal Arc Welding 32

2. Prequalified Partial-Joint-Penetration Weld Joints—Shielded Metal Arc Welding 42

3. Prequalified Complete-Joint-Penetration Weld Joints—Submerged Arc Welding 47

   Figure Page No.

4. Prequalified Partial-Joint-Penetration Weld Joints—Submerged Arc Welding 53

5. Prequalified Complete-Joint-Penetration Weld Joints—Gas Metal and Flux Cored Arc Welding 56

6. Prequalified Partial-Joint-Penetration Weld Joints—Gas Metal and Flux Cored Arc Welding 64

7. Details for Prequalified Fillet Welds of Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW),

Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), Submerged Arc Welding (SAW), and Flux Cored

Arc Welding (FCAW) 68

Specification for Welding

Earthmoving, Construction, and Agricultural Equipment

1. Scope and General Provisions

   1. Scope

      1. This specification applies to all structural welds used in the manufacture and repair of earthmoving, construction, and agricultural equipment.1 It reflects the welding practices employed by manufacturers within the industry and incorporates various methods which have been proven successful by individual manufacturers. No restrictions are placed on the use of any welding process or procedure, provided the weld produced meets the qualification requirements of this specification. No attempt is made to limit or restrict the welding technology progression of earthmoving, construction, and/or agricultural equipment manufacturing and repair, nor should any such limitation be inferred. Design criteria for allowable stresses for the base and weld metal and the fatigue analysis for welded joints are not published in the specification. The user shall utilize AWS D14.4, Specification for Welded Joints in Machinery and Equipment, or appropriate engineering practices and principles for design criteria.

      2. The Manufacturer’s adherence to this specification shall include responsibility for the following:

         1. welding, as defined in 1.1.1, in accordance with this specification;

         2. producing welds as designated on drawings by appropriate symbols and notes, with sufficient detail to show joint preparation compatible with applied processes;

         3. providing and using written welding procedure specifications (WPSs);

         4. ensuring that qualified welders are used to make welds;

         5. recording and maintaining results of all welder performance and procedure qualification tests;

         6. controlling use of designated base metals and consumables;

         7. inspecting the welds to the requirements of this specification;

         8. ensuring a safe welding environment and safe welding practice;

         9. having a quality system in place. The requirements of AWS B5.17, Specification for the Qualification of Welding Fabricators may be used as a guide in establishing this quality program. Accreditation of quality sys- tems of welding fabricators may be obtained through the AWS Certified Welding Fabricator (CWF) or equiva- lent programs.

   2. Units of Measure. This specification makes use of both the U.S. Customary Units and the International System of Units (SI). The measurements may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other without combining in any way. The specification with the designation D14.3 uses U.S. Customary Units. The specification D14.3M uses SI Units. The latter are shown in appropriate columns in tables and figures or within brackets [ ] when used in the text. Detailed dimensions on figures are in inches. A separate tabular form that relates the U.S. Customary Units with SI units may be used in tables and figures.

1 For purposes of this specification, earthmoving, construction, and agricultural equipment are described as self-propelled, on and

off-highway machinery and associated implements. Such products as crawlers, tractors, graders, loaders, off-highway trucks, power shovels, backhoes, mobile cranes, draglines, and similar equipment are considered to be included in this specification.