AWS D10.18M/D10.18:2018

An American National Standard

Guide for Welding Ferritic/Austenitic Duplex Stainless Steel Piping and Tubing

AWS D10.18M/D10.18:2018

An American National Standard

Approved by the American National Standards Institute

November 14, 2017

Guide for Welding Ferritic/Austenitic Duplex Stainless Steel Piping and Tubing

2nd Edition

Supersedes D10.18M/D10.18:2008

Prepared by the American Welding Society (AWS) D10 Committee on Piping and Tubing

Under the Direction of the AWS Technical Activities Committee

Approved by the AWS Board of Directors

Abstract

This standard presents a detailed discussion of the metallurgical and welding characteristics and weldability of duplex stainless steel used in piping and tubing. A number of tables and graphs are presented in order to illustrate the text.

ISBN: 978-0-87171-930-0

© 2018 by American Welding Society

All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America

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Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request, in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society, Attention: Managing Director, Standards Development, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166 (see Annex C). With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered. These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professional advice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individuals do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations of AWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS D10 Committee on Piping and Tubing. It must be reviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS D10 Committee on Piping and Tubing and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committee’s response to the comments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS D10 Committee on Piping and Tubing to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St,

# 130, Miami, FL 33166.

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Personnel

AWS D10 Committee on Piping and Tubing

W.F. Newell, Jr. Chair W. F. Newell & Associates, Incorporated

1. Ciarlariello, Vice Chair Analytic Stress

2. P. Thurston, 2nd Vice Chair LG&E-KU Energy, LLC

   1. N. Borrero, Secretary American Welding Society

   2. Anderson ITW—Miller Electric Manufacturing Company

W. A. Bruce DNV GL USA, Inc.

S. J. Findlan Westinghouse Electric Company

1. J. Frederick Electric Power Research Institute

   1. E. Gatto Fluor Enterprises, Incorporated

M. P. Lang Fluor Enterprises, Incorporated

G. G. Lewis Superheat FGH

W. T. May Fluor Enterprises, Incorporated

A. P. Mulroy voestalpine Böhler Welding

D. Reis Applied Materials

W. J. Sperko Sperko Engineering Services, Incorporated

P. A. Tews Subsea 7

D. J. Tillack The Nickel Institute

A. Vanderlinden Consultant

Advisors to the D10 Committee on Piping and Tubing

R. E. Avery The Nickel Institute

1. J. Bloch Quality Hill Corporation

2. Brown Arc Machines, Incorporated

1. R. Champagne UA Local 716

2. K. Coleman EPRI

P. J. Dobson Saudi Arabian Bechtel Company—SABCO

1. G. Emmerson Magnatech Limited Partnership

   1. L. Farland Brookhaven National Laboratory

      R. Gatlin Welding & Robotics Solutions

   2. K. Henon Magnatech LLC

J. Hill Hill Technical Services Company

B. B. MacDonald Consultant

J. S. Pastorok Consultant

W. L. Roth The Procter & Gamble Company

J. R. Scott Consultant

S. B. Seitz Shawkim Technologies, Incorporated

1. G. Sovich Performance Review Institute

   J. Tidwell Fluor Enterprises, Incorporated

2. N. Zhaldak Severstal

AWS D10Y Subcommittee on Duplex Pipe Welding

D. J. Reis, Chair Applied Materials

S. N. Borrero, Secretary American Welding Society

S. J. Findlan Westinghouse Electric Company

B. K. Henon Magnatech LLC

M. J. Kelly Parsons

T. C. Mueller TransCanada Pipelines Limited

W. F. Newell, Jr. W. F. Newell & Associates, Incorporated

Advisors to the D10Y Subcommittee on Duplex Pipe Welding

R. E. Avery Nickel Institute

K. K. Coleman EPRI

J. R. Scott Consultant

Foreword

This foreword is not part of this standard but is included for informational purposes only.

This guide is intended to provide information which may be used to avoid, or at least minimize, difficulties in welding duplex stainless steel piping and tubing. The term pipe used in the text also includes tube.

This second edition of D10.18M/D10.18 continues as a guide for welding ferritic/austenitic duplex stainless steel piping and tubing. The duplex stainless steels are finding increased use in industry and the information contained in this guide will be most useful.

Tables listing specific chemical composition ranges for base metal and weld metal that fall under the jurisdiction of other codes or documents have been omitted. Where helpful, however, comparison data is presented.

NOTE: The user’s attention is called to the possibility that compliance with this standard may require use of an invention covered by patent rights.

By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the validity of any such claim(s) or of any patent rights in connection therewith. If a patent holder has filed a statement of willingness to grant a license under these rights on reasonable and nondiscriminatory terms and conditions to applicants desiring to obtain such a license, then details may be obtained from the standards developer.

A vertical line in the margin or underlined text in clauses, tables, or figures indicates an editorial or technical change from the 2008 edition.

Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary, AWS D10 Committee on Piping and Tubing, American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166.

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Table of Contents

Page No.

Personnel v

Foreword vii

List of Tables xi

List of Figures xi

1. General Requirements 1

   1. Scope 1

   2. Units of Measure 1

   3. Safety 1

2. Normative References 2

3. Terms and Definitions 2

4. Material Compositions and Specifications 2

   1. Material Compositions 2

   2. Specifications 2

5. Basic Metallurgy 4

   1. Solidification and Ferrite/Austenite Phases 4

   2. Precipitating Phases 6

6. Corrosion 7

7. Joint Design and Fit-Up 7

   1. General 7

   2. Open Root Joints 8

   3. Consumable Inserts 9

   4. Autogenous Orbital GTAW 9

   5. Orbital GTAW with Filler Metal Addition 9

8. Filler Metals 10

9. Welding Processes 11

   1. General 11

   2. Single Pass Welding Small Diameter Tubing 11

   3. Root Pass Welding Heavier Walls 11

   4. Fill Welding 12

10. Welding Procedures 12

    1. General 12

    2. Cleaning Before Welding 12

    3. Preheat 12

    4. Interpass Temperature 12

    5. Heat Input 13

    6. Purging (Backing) Gas 13

    7. Postweld Heat Treatment 13

11. Weldment Quality Verification 14

    1. Inspection Method 14

    2. Visual Inspection 14

       Page No.

    3. Hydrostatic Testing 14

    4. Liquid Penetrant Methods 14

    5. Radiography 14

    6. Ultrasonic Methods 14

    7. Acoustic Emission Testing (AET) Methods 14

    8. Mass Spectrometer Testing Method 15

    9. Ferrite Measurement 15

    10. Charpy Impact Test 15

    11. Corrosion Tests 15

Annex A (Informative)—Guidelines for Weld Corrosion Testing and Welding Procedure Controls

for Corrosion Considerations 17

Annex B (Informative)—Informative References 19

Annex C (Informative)—Requesting an Official Interpretation on an AWS Standard 21

List of AWS Documents on Piping and Tubing 23

List of Tables

Table Page No.

1. Chemical Composition by Weight Percent of Wrought Lean Duplex Stainless Steels 2

2. Chemical Composition by Weight Percent of Standard Duplex Stainless Steels 3

3. Chemical Composition by Weight Percent of Super Duplex Stainless Steels 3

4. Chemical Composition by Weight Percent of Cast Duplex Stainless Steels 4

5. Welding Filler Metals for Duplex Stainless Steels 10

List of Figures

Figure Page No.

1. Alloy 2205 Plate Showing Elongated Microstructure 5

2. Isothermal Precipitation Diagram for 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel, Annealed at 1050°C [1920°F] 7

3. Typical Joint Designs Used with Open Root Designs 8

4. Modified “J” Joint Design 9

A.1 Heat Input and Corrosion Resistance 18

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Guide for Welding Ferritic/Austenitic Duplex Stainless Steel Piping and Tubing

1. General Requirements

   
   

   1. Scope. The ferritic/austenitic duplex stainless steels (DSSs) discussed in this document have proven to be weldable using proper welding procedures. The processes GTAW, GMAW (includes all transfer modes), SMAW, FCAW, and SAW have all been used with success on these alloys. Automatic and mechanized welding such as orbital welding with the GTAW, GMAW, and FCAW processes have also been used with success on duplex alloys. Manual welders that have experience with austenitic stainless steels should be able to apply many of the techniques they have learned from these alloys to the welding of duplex stainless steels, while of course keeping in mind the exceptions to be noted within this document.

      
      

   2. Units of Measure. This standard makes use of both the International System of Units (SI) and U.S. Customary Units. The latter are shown within brackets ([ ]) or in appropriate columns in tables and figures. The measurements may not be the exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently.

      
      

      To identify nominal pipe sizes in both SI and U.S. Customary Units, the following designations are used:

      
      

      1. DN (Diameter Nominal) is the SI designation, and

         
         

      2. NPS (Nominal Pipe Size) is the U.S. Customary designation.

         
         

   3. Safety. Safety and health issues and concerns are beyond the scope of this standard and therefore are not addressed herein.

      
      

      Safety and health information is available from the following sources:

      
      

      American Welding Society:

      
      

      1. ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes

         
         

      2. AWS Safety and Health Fact Sheets

         
         

      3. Other safety and health information on the AWS website

Material or Equipment Manufacturers:

1. Safety Data Sheets supplied by materials manufacturers

   
   

2. Operating Manuals supplied by equipment manufacturers

Applicable Regulatory Agencies

Work performed in accordance with this standard may involve the use of materials that have been deemed hazardous, and may involve operations or equipment that may cause injury or death. This standard does not purport to address all safety and health risks that may be encountered. The user of this standard should establish an appropriate safety program to address such risks as well as to meet applicable regulatory requirements. ANSI Z49.1 should be considered when developing the safety program.