AWS A5.8M/A5.8:2019

An American National Standard

Specification for Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze Welding

AWS A5.8M/A5.8:2019

An American National Standard

Approved by the American National Standards Institute

May 21, 2019

Specification for Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze Welding

11th Edition

Supersedes AWS A5.8/A5.8M:2011-AMD 1

Prepared by the American Welding Society (AWS) A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials

Under the Direction of the AWS Technical Activities Committee

Approved by the AWS Board of Directors

Abstract

This specification prescribes the requirements for the classification of brazing filler metals for brazing and braze welding. The chemical composition, physical form, and packaging of more than 120 brazing filler metals are specified. The braz- ing filler metal groups described include aluminum, cobalt, copper, gold, magnesium, nickel, palladium, silver, titanium, and brazing filler metals for vacuum service. Information is provided concerning the liquidus, the solidus, the brazing temperature range, and general areas of application recommended for each brazing filler metal. Additional requirements are included for manufacture, sizes, lengths, and packaging. A guide is appended to the specification as a source of infor- mation concerning the classification system employed and the intended use of the brazing filler metals for brazing and braze welding.

This specification makes use of both the International System of Units (SI) and U.S. Customary Units. Since these are not equivalent, each must be used independently of the other.

AWS A5.8M/A5.8:2019

AWS A5.8M/A5.8:2019

ISBN Print: 978-1-64322-066-6

ISBN PDF: 978-1-64322-067-3

©2019 by American Welding Society

All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America

Photocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.

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Statement on the Use of American Welding Society Standards

All standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American Welding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, or made part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmen- tal bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS stand- ard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.

AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers the proc- ess and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.

AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on this standard. AWS also makes no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information pub- lished herein.

In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. It is assumed that the use of this standard and its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and competent personnel.

This standard may be superseded by new editions. This standard may also be corrected through publication of amend- ments or errata, or supplemented by publication of addenda. Information on the latest editions of AWS standards includ- ing amendments, errata, and addenda is posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org). Users should ensure that they have the latest edition, amendments, errata, and addenda.

Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard accept any and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement of any patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.

AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.

Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request, in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society, Attention: Managing Director, Standards Development, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166 (see Annex D). With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered. These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professional advice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individuals do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations of AWS. In addi- tion, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials. It must be reviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are requested and should be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committee’s response to the com- ments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are pro- vided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, # 130, Miami, FL 33166.

AWS A5.8M/A5.8:2019

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Personnel

AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials

T. Melfi, Chair The Lincoln Electric Company

R. V. Decker, Vice Chair Weldstar

M. F. Sinfield, 2nd Vice Chair Naval Surface Warfare Center

R. K. Gupta, Secretary American Welding Society

T. Anderson ITW–Miller Electric Manufacturing Company.

A. Boulianne CWB Group

J. C. Bundy Hobart Brothers Company

J. L. Caron Haynes International, Incorporated

G. L. Chouinard Stoody Company (a division of ESAB)

T.J. Eckardt Ashland

D. M. Fedor The Lincoln Electric Company

J. G. Feldstein Foster Wheeler North America

D. A. Fink The Lincoln Electric Company

R. J. Fox Hobart Brothers Company

G. L. Franke Consultant

R. D. Fuchs Voestalpine Bohler Welding USA, Inc.

S.D. Kiser Consultant

P. J. Konkol Concurrent Technologies Corporation

D. J. Kotecki Damian Kotecki Welding Consultants

L. G. Kvidahl Ingalls Shipbuilding

J. S. Lee Chevron

J. R. Logan BMX Technologies, Incorporated

B. McEvoy Consultant

M. T. Merlo Select-Arc, Incorporated

C. Mosier Polymet Corporation

T. C. Myers Westec

B. A. Pletcher Bechtel Global Corporation

K. C. Pruden BP America

K. Roossinck Ingalls Shipbuilding

K. Sampath Chart Industries

J. D. Schaefer Aqua-Chem, Incorporated

F. A. Schweighardt Airgas

W. S. Severance Severance Engineering LLC

D. Singh BHGE

R. C. Sutherlin Richard Sutherlin PE Consulting LLC

H. D. Wehr Arcos Industries LLC

J. Zhang Consultant

Advisors to the AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials

D. R. Bajek Chicago Bridge and Iron

M. R. Brinkman Welding Consultants, LLC

K. P Campion Central Wire Industries

J. DeVito Consultant

W. D. England ITW Welding North America

AWS A5.8M/A5.8:2019

S. E. Ferree Consultant

O. Henderson Trinity Industries, Incorporated

S. Imaoka Kobe Steel, Limited

S. J. Knostman Hobart Brothers Company

AWS A5H Subcommittee on Filler Metals and Fluxes for Brazing

R. M. Henson, Chair Harris Products Group

K. R. Bulger, Secretary American Welding Society

D. E. Budinger General Electric Aviation

W. M. Coughlan Metglas Inc

C. F. Darling Bellman-Melcor

R. P. Detty Ajax Tocco Magnethermic

W. J. Engeron The Engeron Technology Group Inc.

M. T. Graham The Prince & Izant Company

T. P. Hirthe Bellman-Melcor

J. Longabucco Lucas-Milhaupt, Incorporated

R. P. McKinney Harris Products Group

W. Miglietti Consultant

T. Oyama Morgan Advanced Ceramic – WESGO Metals Division

M. J. Pohlman Consultant

T. C. Profughi Hi TecMetal Group Inc

S. S. Rajan Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems

A. E. Shapiro Titanium Brazing Inc

C. M. Volpe Senior Aerospace – Metal Bellows Division

R. R. Xu Rolls-Royce Corporation

H. Zhao Creative Thermal Solution

Advisors to the AWS A5H Subcommittee on Filler Metals and Fluxes for Brazing

G. L. Alexy Alexy Metals

Y. Baskin The Superior Flux & Manufacturing Company

P. A. Baskin The Superior Flux & Manufacturing Company

J. J. Bassindale Woodward Inc

E. R. Boes Delta Faucet Company

1. E. Fuerstenau Lucas-Milhaupt, Incorporated

2. J. Jossick Consultant

J. C. Madeni Johns Manville

R. W. Smith S-Bond Technologies

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M. Weinstein Wall Colmonoy Corporation

Foreword

This foreword is not part of this standard but is included for informational purposes only.

This document is the third of the AWS A5.8 specification revisions that makes use of both the International System of Units (SI) and U.S. Customary Units. The measurements are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other without combining values in any way. In selecting rational metric units, AWS A1.1, Metric Practice Guide for the Welding Industry, and International Standard ISO 544, Welding consumables—Technical delivery conditions for filler materials and fluxes — Type of product, dimensions, tolerances and markings, are used where suit- able. Tables and figures make use of both SI Units and U.S. Customary Units, which with the application of the specified tolerances provides for interchangeability of products in both the SI Units and U.S. Customary Units.

The current document is the tenth revision of the initial joint ASTM/AWS document issued in 1952. The practice of issu- ing filler metal specifications as joint AWS/ASTM documents was discontinued shortly after the original version of this specification was issued. The 1969 revision and all subsequent versions, developed and published by AWS, have been certified by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The evolution of AWS A5.8M/A5.8, Specification for Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze Welding, is shown below:

ASTM B260–52T, AWS A5.8–52T Tentative Specification for Brazing Filler Metal; ASTM B260–56T, AWS A5.8–56T Tentative Specification for Brazing Filler Metal; AWS A5.8–62T, ASTM B260–62T Tentative Specification for Brazing Filler Metal; AWS A5.8–69, Specification for Brazing Filler Metal;

ANSI/AWS A5.8–76, Specification for Brazing Filler Metal; ANSI/AWS A5.8–81, Specification for Brazing Filler Metal; ANSI/AWS A5.8–89, Specification for Filler Metals for Brazing;

ANSI/AWS A5.8–92, Specification for Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze Welding;

AWS A5.8/A5.8M:2004, Specification for Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze Welding;

AWS A5.8M/A5.8:2011, Specification for Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze Welding; and AWS A5.8M/A5.8:2011-AMD 1, Specification for Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze Welding

The present edition, which supersedes AWS A5.8M/A5.8:2011-AMD1, includes the following updates:

1. Two new brazing filler metals are added; BNi-15 and BNi-16.

2. Chemical composition has been adjusted for several classifications: Zr and Hf in the BTi group; a revised Be limit for the BAlSi group; a revised Cd limit for non-Cd BAg filler metals; and a Ni correction to classifications RBCuZn-A and RBCuZn-B.

3. ASTM B215 has been added to provide a metal powder sampling standard.

4. ASTM E1371–05, Standard Test Method for Gravimetric Determination of Phosphorus in Phosphorus-Copper Alloys or Phosphorus-Copper-Silver Alloys, is no longer listed as a reference analytical method. It is included in Annex C, however, as a suggested analysis approach for certain phosphorus ranges.

All substantive updates within this document are italicized and underlined. A vertical line in the margin indicates a revi- sion of that item from the previous edition.

AWS A5.8M/A5.8:2019

The user’s attention is called to the possibility that compliance with this standard may require use of an invention covered by patent rights.

By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the validity of any such claim(s) or of any patent rights in connection therewith. If a patent holder has filed a statement of willingness to grant a license under these rights on reasonable and nondiscriminatory terms and conditions to applicants desiring to obtain such a license, then details may be obtained from the standards developer.

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Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary, AWS A5 Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials, American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 St, #130, Miami, FL 33166.

Table of Contents

Page No.

Personnel v

Foreword vii

List of Tables x

List of Figures x

1. General Requirements 1

2. Normative References 1

3. Classification 2

4. Acceptance 2

5. Certification 2

6. Rounding Procedure 4

7. Summary of Tests 4

8. Retest 4

9. Chemical Analysis 10

10. Sieve Analysis 11

11. Melt Cleanliness Test 11

12. Spatter Test 12

13. Binder Content of Transfer Tape 12

14. Method of Manufacture 13

15. Standard Forms, Sizes, and Tolerances 13

16. Brazing Filler Metal Identification 19

17. Packaging 19

18. Marking of Packages 19

    Annex A (Informative)—Informative References 21

    Annex B (Informative)—Guide to AWS A5.8M/A5.8:2019, Specification for Filler Metals for

    Brazing and Braze Welding 23

    Annex C (Informative)—Analytical Methods 43

    Annex D (Informative)—Requesting an Official Interpretation on an AWS Standard 45

    AWS Filler Metal Specifications by Material and Welding Process 47

    AWS Filler Metal Specifications and Related Documents 49

    List of AWS Documents on Brazing and Soldering 51

    
    

    AWS A5.8M/A5.8:2019

    List of Tables

    
    

    Table Page No.

    1. Chemical Composition Requirements for Silver Brazing Filler Metals 3

    2. Chemical Composition Requirements for Gold Brazing Filler Metals 4

    3. Chemical Composition Requirements for Aluminum and Magnesium Brazing Filler Metals 5

    4. Chemical Composition Requirements for Copper, Copper-Zinc, and Copper-Phosphorus

       Brazing Filler Metals 6

    5. Chemical Composition Requirements for Nickel and Cobalt Brazing Filler Metals 7

    6. Chemical Composition Requirements for Titanium and Titanium-Zirconium Brazing Filler Metals 8

    7. Chemical Composition Requirements for Brazing Filler Metals for Vacuum Service 9

    8. Powder Mesh Designations and Particle Size Distribution 10

    9. Standard Forms and Sizes of Brazing Filler Metals 14

    10. Tolerances for Wrought Wire and Rod 17

    11. Tolerances for Foil Strip and Sheet 18

1. Comparison of Classifications with ISO 17672 26

2. Solidus, Liquidus, and Recommended Brazing Temperature Ranges 28

3. Discontinued Brazing Filler Metal Classifications 40

List of Figures

Figure Page No.

1. Illustration of an Acceptable Crucible 11

2. Nickel Channel with Unacceptable Spatter (left) and Acceptable Test Results (right) 12

1. Precautionary Information for Brazing Processes and Equipment 42

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2. Precautionary Information for Brazing Filler Metals Containing Cadmium 42

Specification for Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze Welding

1. General Requirements

   1. Scope. This specification prescribes requirements for the classification of filler metals for brazing and braze welding. It includes brazing filler metals for brazing with or without a flux and in all protective atmospheres for various applications, including those for vacuum service.1 In the case of composite products – flux cored wire or rods, flux-coated rods, transfer tape, or paste – this standard covers only the filler metal that forms part of such products.

   2. Units of Measurement. This specification makes use of both the International System of Units (SI) and U.S. Customary Units. The measurements are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other without combining in any way when referring to material properties. The specification with the designation A5.8M uses the International System of Units. The specification A5.8 uses U.S. Customary Units. The latter are shown within brackets ([ ]) or in appropriate columns in tables and figures. Standard dimensions based on either system may be used for the sizing or packaging of brazing filler metal, or both, under A5.8M or A5.8 specifications.

   3. Safety. Safety issues and concerns are addressed in this standard, although health issues and concerns are beyond the scope of this standard. Some safety and health information can be found in non-mandatory Annex B, clauses B5 and B10.

      Safety and Health information is available from the following sources: American Welding Society:

      1. ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes

      2. AWS Safety and Health Fact Sheets (see Annex B, clause B10)

      3. Other safety and health information on the AWS website Material or Equipment Manufacturers:

         1. Safety Data Sheets supplied by the materials manufacturers

         2. Operating Manuals supplied by equipment manufacturers Applicable Regulatory Agencies

         Work performed in accordance with this standard may involve the use of materials that have been deemed hazardous, and may involve operations or equipment that may cause injury or death. This standard does not purport to address all safety and health risks that may be encountered. The user of this standard should establish an appropriate safety program to address such risks as well as to meet applicable regulatory requirements. ANSI Z49.1 should be considered when devel- oping the safety program.

         
         

2. Normative References

The standards listed below contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute mandatory provisions of this AWS standard. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced standard shall apply. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply.

1 Filler metals for vacuum service are for devices operating in vacuum service, regardless of the atmosphere used in making the joint.