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API Spec 5L Specification for Line Pipe
standard by American Petroleum Institute, 01/01/2000
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API SPECIFICATION 5L
FORTY-SECOND EDITION, JANUARY 2000 EFFECTIVE DATE: JULY 1, 2000
API SPECIFICATION 5L
FORTY-SECOND EDITION, JANUARY 2000 EFFECTIVE DATE: JULY 1, 2000
API publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to partic- ular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.
API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, or fed- eral laws.
Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to par- ticular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer or supplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet.
Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or prod- uct covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be con- strued as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.
Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. Sometimes a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this review cycle. This publication will no longer be in effect five years after its publication date as an operative API standard or, where an extension has been granted, upon republication. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Upstream Segment [telephone (202) 682- 8000]. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updated quar- terly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.
This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropri- ate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this standard or com- ments and questions concerning the procedures under which this standard was developed should be directed in writing to the general manager of the Upstream Segment, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the general manager.
API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer- ing and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for apply- ing sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.
Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such prod- ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher,
API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.
Copyright © 1999 American Petroleum Institute
Specification 5L covers seamless and welded steel line pipe. It includes plain-end, threaded-end, and belled-end pipe, as well as through-the-flowline (TFL) pipe and pipe with ends prepared for use with special couplings.
Although the plain-end line pipe meeting this specification is primarily intended for field makeup by circumferential welding, the manufacturer will not assume responsibility for field welding.
The purpose of this specification is to provide standards for pipe suitable for use in con- veying gas, water, and oil in both the oil and natural gas industries.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of the Committee on Standardization of Tubu- lar Goods and includes changes to the previous edition approved by letter ballot through June 1999. Specifications 5LS and 5LX have been incorporated into this edition of Specifi- cation 5L. The last editions of Specifications 5LS and 5LX, published in March 1982, have been withdrawn.
Due to the large numbers of changes from the Forty-first Edition, change bars are not included in this edition.
This standard shall become effective on the date printed on the cover but may be used vol- untarily from the date of distribution.
API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict.
Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the general manager of the Upstream Segment, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington,
D.C. 20005.
iii
Page
SCOPE 1
Purpose and Coverage 1
Product Specification Level (PSL) 1
Grades 1
Dimensions 1
Units 1
REFERENCES 1
DEFINITIONS 2
INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE PURCHASER 3
PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE AND MATERIAL 5
Process of Manufacture 5
Cold Expansion 7
Material 7
Heat Treatment 7
Skelp End Welds in Helical Seam Pipe 7
Traceability 8
MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS 8
Chemical Properties 8
Mechanical Properties 8
DIMENSIONS, WEIGHTS, LENGTHS, DEFECTS, AND END FINISHES 10
Specified Dimensions 10
Diameter 10
Wall Thickness 11
Weight 11
Length 11
Straightness 11
Jointers 11
Workmanship and Defects 12
Pipe Ends 14
COUPLINGS (PSL 1 ONLY) 14
Material 14
Tensile Tests 15
Dimensions 15
Inspection 15
INSPECTION AND TESTING 15
Test Equipment 15
Testing of Chemical Composition 15
Testing of Mechanical Properties 15
Hydrostatic Tests 17
Dimensional Testing 18
Visual Inspection 18
Nondestructive Inspection 18
Test Methods 21
Invalidation of Tests 22
Retests 22
Reprocessing 24
MARKING 24
General 24
Location of Markings 24
Sequence of Markings 24
Bundle Identification 26
Length 26
Couplings 26
Die Stamping 26
Thread Identification 26
Thread Certification 26
Pipe Processor Markings 26
COATING AND PROTECTION 26
Coatings 26
Thread Protectors 26
DOCUMENTS 27
Certification 27
Retention of Records 27
PIPE LOADING 27
APPENDIX A SPECIFICATION FOR WELDED JOINTERS (NORMATIVE) 77
APPENDIX B REPAIR OF DEFECTS BY WELDING (NORMATIVE) 79
APPENDIX C REPAIR WELDING PROCEDURE (NORMATIVE) 81
APPENDIX D ELONGATION TABLE (NORMATIVE) 87
APPENDIX E DIMENSIONS, WEIGHTS, AND TEST PRESSURES—
SI UNITS (NORMATIVE) 91
APPENDIX F SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS (NORMATIVE) 119
SR3 Color Identification 119
SR4 Nondestructive Inspection of Seamless Line Pipe 119
SR5 Fracture Toughness Testing (Charpy V-Notch) for Pipe of Size
41/2 or Larger 119
SR5A Shear Area 120
SR5B Absorbed Energy 121
SR6 Drop-Weight Tear Testing on Welded Pipe of Size 20 or Larger,
Grade X52 or Higher 121
SR7 Through-the-Flowline (TFL) Pipe 122
SR15 Test Certificates and Traceability for Line Pipe 122
SR17 Nondestructive Inspection of Welds in Electric Welded Pipe and
Laser Welded Pipe 123
SR18 Carbon Equivalent 123
SR19 Additional Fracture Toughness Requirements
(Transverse Charpy V-Notch) for PSL 2 Pipe 123
APPENDIX G GUIDED-BEND TEST JIG DIMENSIONS (NORMATIVE). 129
APPENDIX H PURCHASER INSPECTION (NORMATIVE) 141
APPENDIX I MARKING INSTRUCTIONS FOR API LICENSEES
(NORMATIVE) 143
APPENDIX J SUMMARY OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PSL 1 AND PSL 2 (INFORMATIVE) 147
APPENDIX K END LOAD COMPENSATION FOR HYDROSTATIC TEST PRESSURES IN EXCESS OF 90% OF SPECIFIED MINIMUM
YIELD STRENGTH (NORMATIVE) 149
APPENDIX M CONVERSION PROCEDURES 151
Figures
Belled End for Bell and Spigot Joint 27
Line Pipe and Coupling 27
Orientation of Tensile Test Specimens 28
Tensile Test Specimens 29
Flattening Tests 30
API Standard Penetrameter 30
Examples of Maximum Distribution Patterns of Indicated Circular
Slag-Inclusion and Gas-Pocket-Type Discontinuities 31
Examples of Maximum Distribution Patterns of Indicated
Elongated Slag-Inclusion-Type Discontinuities 32
Reference Standards 33
Guided-Bend Test Specimen 34
Jig for Guided-Bend Test 35
Transverse Tensile Test Specimen 83
Guided-Bend Test Specimen 83
Jig for Guided-Bend Test 84
Nick-Break Test Specimen 85
Reference Standards 124
Impact Test Specimen Tapered End Allowance 125
Charpy V-Notch and Drop-Weight Tear Test Specimen Locations 125
Tables
1 Process of Manufacture and Product Specification Level (PSL) 36
2A PSL 1 Chemical Requirements for Heat and Product Analyses by
Percentage of Weight 37
2B PSL 2 Chemical Requirements for Heat and Product Analyses by
Percentage of Weight 37
3A Tensile Requirements for PSL 1 38
3B Tensile Requirements for PSL 2 38
Standard-Wall Threaded Line Pipe Dimensions, Weights, and Test Pressures (U.S. Customary and SI Units) 39
Heavy-Wall Threaded Line Pipe Dimensions, Weights, and Test Pressures
(U.S. Customary and SI Units) 40
6A Plain-End Line Pipe Dimensions, Weights per Unit Length, and Test Pressures
for Sizes 0.405 Through 1.900 (U.S. Customary Units) 41
6B Plain-End Line Pipe Dimensions, Weights per Unit Length, and Test Pressures for Sizes 23/8 through 59/16 (U.S. Customary Units) 42
6C Plain-End Line Pipe Dimensions, Weights per Unit Length, and Test Pressures for Sizes 65/8 through 80 (U.S. Customary Units) 45
Tolerances for Diameter of Pipe Body 69
Tolerance for Diameter at Pipe Ends 69
Tolerances for Wall Thickness 69
Tolerances for Weight 70
Tolerances on Lengths 70
Coupling Dimensions, Weights, and Tolerances 71
Maximum Inspection Lot Size for Tensile Testing 72
Relationship Between Pipe Dimensions and Required Charpy Specimens 72
API Standard 4 Percent Penetrameters 73
API Standard 2 Percent Penetrameters 73
ISO Wire 4 Percent Penetrameters 74
ISO Wire 2 Percent Penetrameters 74
Elongated Slag-Inclusion-Type Discontinuities 74
Circular Slag-Inclusion-Type and Gas-Pocket-Type Discontinuities 75
Acceptance Limits 75
Retention of Records 76
C-1 Guided-Bend Test Jig Dimensions 85
Elongation Table (U. S. Customary Units) 87
Elongation Table (SI Units) 89
E-6A Plain-End Line Pipe Dimensions, Weights per Unit Length, and Test Pressures
for Sizes 0.405 Through 1.900 (SI Units) 91
E-6B Plain-End Line Pipe Dimensions, Weights per Unit Length, and Test Pressures for Sizes 23/8 through 59/16 (SI Units) 92
E-6C Plain-End Line Pipe Dimensions, Weights per Unit Length, and Test Pressures for Sizes 65/8 through 80 (SI Units) 95
Minimum Wall Thickness to Obtain Transverse Charpy V-Notch
Test Specimens 125
Dimensions, Weights per Unit Length, and Test Pressures for TFL Pipe 126
Minimum All-Heat Average Absorbed Energy Requirements for
Stress Factor f of 0.72 126
G-1 Guided-Bend Test Jig Dimensions 129
viii
Specification for Line Pipe
The purpose of this specification is to provide standards for pipe suitable for use in conveying gas, water, and oil in both the oil and natural gas industries.
This specification covers seamless and welded steel line pipe. It includes plain-end, threaded-end, and belled-end pipe, as well as through-the-flowline (TFL) pipe and pipe with ends prepared for use with special couplings.
Although the plain-end line pipe meeting this specification is primarily intended for field makeup by circumferential welding, the manufacturer will not assume responsibility for field welding.
This specification establishes requirements for two product specification levels (PSL 1 and PSL 2). These two PSL desig- nations define different levels of standard technical require- ments. PSL 2 has mandatory requirements for carbon equivalent, notch toughness, maximum yield strength, and maximum tensile strength. These and other differences are summarized in Appendix J.
Requirements that apply to only PSL 1 or only PSL 2 are so designated. Requirements that are not designated to a spe- cific PSL apply to both PSL 1 and PSL 2.
The purchaser may add requirements to purchase orders for either PSL 1 or PSL 2, as provided by the supplementary requirements (Appendix F) and other options (4.2 and 4.3).
The grades (see the note) covered by this specification are the standard Grades A25, A, B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70 and X80; and any intermediate grades (grades that are higher than X42, intermediate to two sequential standard grades, and agreed upon by the purchaser and manufacturer).
PSL 1 pipe can be supplied in Grades A25 through X70. PSL 2 pipe can be supplied in Grades B through X80.
Class II (Cl II) steel is rephosphorized and probably has bet- ter threading properties than Class I (Cl I). Because Class II (Cl II) has higher phosphorus content than Class I (Cl I), it may be somewhat more difficult to bend.
Pipe manufactured as Grade X60 or higher shall not be substituted for pipe ordered as Grade X52 or lower without purchaser approval.
Note: The grade designations are dimensionless. Grades A and B do not include reference to the specified minimum yield strength; how- ever, other grade designations are composed of the letter A or X,
1
followed by the first two digits of the specified minimum yield strength in U.S. Customary units.
The sizes used herein are dimensionless designations, which are derived from the specified outside diameter as mea- sured in U.S. Customary units, and provide a convenient method of referencing pipe size within the text and tables (but not for order descriptions). Pipe sizes 23/8 and larger are expressed as integers and fractions; pipe sizes smaller than 23/8 are expressed to three decimal places. These sizes replace the “size designation” and the “nominal size designa- tion” used in the previous edition of this specification. Users of this specification who are accustomed to specifying nomi- nal sizes rather than OD sizes are advised to familiarize themselves with these new size designations used in this specification, especially the usage in Tables 4, 5, and 6A.
PSL 1 pipe can be supplied in sizes ranging from 0.405 through 80.
PSL 2 pipe can be supplied in sizes ranging from 41/2 through 80.
Dimensional requirements on threads and thread gages, stipulations on gaging practice, gage specifications and certi- fication, as well as instruments and methods for inspection of threads are given in API Standard 5B and are applicable to threaded products covered by this specification.
U.S. Customary units are used in this specification; SI (metric) units are shown in parentheses in the text and in many tables. The values stated in either U.S. Customary units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The val- ues stated are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system is to be used independently of the other, without combining values for any specific order item.
See Appendix M for specific information about rounding procedures and conversion factors.
This specification includes by reference, either in total or in part, the latest editions of the following API and industry standards:
API
RP 5A3 Thread Compounds for Casing, Tubing, and Line Pipe
Spec 5B Specification for Threading, Gauging, and Thread Inspection of Casing, Tubing, and Line Pipe Threads