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API RP 92P Managed Pressure Drilling Operations - Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling with a Subsea Blowout Preventer, First Edition
standard by American Petroleum Institute, 06/01/2019
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API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 92P FIRST EDITION, JUNE 2019
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Copyright © 2019 American Petroleum Institute
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Page
Scope 1
Normative References 1
Terms, Definitions, and Abbreviations 1
Terms and Definitions 1
Abbreviations 3
Managed Pressure Drilling Overview 4
Managed Pressure Drilling Objectives 4
Available Managed Pressure Drilling Solutions 4
Mud Cap Drilling Methods 5
Logistics 7
Equipment 7
Surface Equipment 7
Marine Equipment 8
Control Systems 22
Drill String 23
General 23
General Requirements—Drill Pipe 23
General Requirements for the Bottom-hole Assembly 23
Drill String Design 24
Drilling Fluid Considerations 24
Hydraulics 24
Light Annular Mud 25
Sacrificial Fluid 26
Well Control and Well Integrity 27
General 27
Introduction 27
Well Barrier Elements 27
Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling Operations Matrix 29
Contingency Plans 30
Well Control Action Drills 31
Drilling Fluid 32
Use of the BOP/LMRP during Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling Operations 32
Roles and Responsibilities 32
Managed Pressure Drilling Operational Guidelines 32
General 32
Training 32
Wellsite Supervision 33
Metocean and Environmental Considerations 33
Engineering and Design 35
Annex A (informative) PMCD Illustrations 53
Page
Bibliography 56
Pressure Increases with Depth Based on the Density of the Fluid Contained 6
Example Equipment Schematic for PMCD with a Subsea BOP 7
Example of Bleed-off System 8
Example MPD ATR Riser Component Configuration 13
Example MPD BTR Riser Components Configuration 15
Example of Buckling Load Analysis Showing Interrelationship between Mud Weight and Tension Setting ... 18
Well Barrier Schematic Example 29
Example DP Watch Circles 34
Example DP Drift-off Curve 35
Transition from PMCD to Conventional or SBP Drilling 38
Surface Casing Pressure during PMCD 39
PMCD with LAM on the Annular and Seawater inside the String 53
PMCD with LAM and Mixed Interface on the Annular 54
PMCD with Combination of Sacrificial and Formation Fluid above the Fracture 55
Example PMCD Operations Matrix 30
Well Control Incident Scenarios 31
Example Well Control Drills 31
Injectivity Test Decision Matrix 36
Cause and Effect Matrix 41
Operations Matrix 42
These guidelines (recommended practices)—prepared by the IADC Underbalanced Operations (UBO) and Managed Pressure Drilling Committee, and consisting of representatives from various IADC member companies—represent a composite of the practices employed by various operating companies, service companies, and drilling contractors in managed pressure drilling operations. In some cases, a reconciled composite of the various practices employed by these companies was used. This publication is under the jurisdiction of the American Petroleum Institute, Drilling and Production Operations Subcommittee.
Managed pressure drilling operations are being conducted with full regard for personnel safety, public safety, and preservation of the environment in such diverse conditions as urban sites, wilderness areas, ocean platforms, deep- water sites, very hot barren deserts, and cold-weather areas, including the Arctic environment and wildlife refuges. As tools and equipment continually improve and develop, the technology has been applied in many geologic formations, including oil and gas reservoirs and on sour wells, thus driving the need for globally accepted standards and safe operating best practices.
Managed Pressure Drilling Operations — Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling with a Subsea Blowout Preventer
This document addresses recommended practices for pressurized mud cap drilling (PMCD) from a floating rig with a subsea BOP stack. When massive lost circulation conditions are encountered, PMCD can be implemented to allow well construction operations to continue:
Although this document only addresses PMCD, most of the equipment described may also be used for the surface back-pressure (SBP) method of managed pressure drilling. However, much of the equipment used for SBP is not required for PMCD, and will not be covered here.
The following methods, described briefly, are also used during lost circulation conditions; however, they are outside the scope of this document:
blind drilling (see 4.3.2);
continuous annular injection drilling (see 4.3.3);
floating mud cap drilling (see 4.3.4).
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
API Standard 2RD, Dynamic Risers for Floating Production Systems
API Recommended Practice 16Q, 1st Edition, Recommended Practice for Design, Selection, Operation, and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser Systems
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
A method where fluid is pumped down the drill string with no returns up the annulus.
Barrier element that is shared between the primary and secondary barrier envelopes.
A method where fluid is continuously pumped down the drill string and the annulus.
Equivalent circulating density is the effective density of the circulating fluid in the wellbore resulting from the sum of the pressure imposed by the static fluid column, friction pressure, and surface back-pressure.