M00044191
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API Std 677 (R2016) General-Purpose Gear Units for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services, Third Edition
standard by American Petroleum Institute, 04/01/2006
This standard is not intended to apply to gears in special-purpose service, which are covered in API Standard 613; to gears integral with other equipment; to epicyclic gear assemblies; or gears with non-involute tooth forms.
Typical applications for which this standard is intended are cooling tower water pump systems, forced and induced draft fan systems, and other general-purpose equipment trains Product Details
Edition: 3rd Published: 04/01/2006 Number of Pages: 84 File Size: 1 file , 3.4 MB Product Code(s): C67703, C67703R, C67703R, C67703, C67703 Note: This product is unavailable in Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Syria
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Availability date: 01/06/2022
API STANDARD 677
THIRD EDITION, APRIL 2006 REAFFIRMED, NOVEMBER 2016
API STANDARD 677
THIRD EDITION, APRIL 2006 REAFFIRMED, NOVEMBER 2016
API publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.
Neither API nor any of API's employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of API's employees, subcontractors, con- sultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon pri- vately owned rights.
API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publi- cation may conflict.
API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer- ing and operating practices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publications is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.
Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such prod- ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher,
API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.
Copyright © 2006 American Petroleum Institute
Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by impli- cation or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.
This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API stan- dard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.
Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.
Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards and Publications Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standards@api.org.
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Page
GENERAL 1
Scope 1
Alternative Designs 1
Conflicting Requirements 1
Definition of Terms 1
Referenced Publications 2
Dimensions 3
BASIC DESIGN 3
General 3
Shaft Assembly Designation 5
Shaft Rotation 6
Rating 6
Casings 14
Casing Connections 16
Gear Elements 17
Dynamics 19
Bearings and Bearing Housings 22
Lubrication 24
Materials 24
Nameplates and Rotation Arrows 25
ACCESSORIES 26
General 26
Couplings and Guards 26
Mounting Plates 26
Controls and Instrumentation 28
Piping and Appurtenances 28
Special Tools 28
INSPECTION, TESTING, AND PREPARATION FOR SHIPMENT 28
General 28
Inspection 29
Testing 31
Preparation for Shipment 33
VENDOR’S DATA 34
General 34
Proposals 34
Contract Data 35
APPENDIX A GENERAL-PURPOSE GEAR DATA SHEETS 37
APPENDIX B LATERAL CRITICAL SPEED MAP AND MODE SHAPES FOR
A TYPICAL ROTOR 53
APPENDIX C TYPICAL LUBE-OIL SYSTEMS. 57
APPENDIX D MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR GENERAL-PURPOSE
GEAR UNITS 61
APPENDIX E VENDOR DRAWING AND DATA REQUIREMENTS 65
APPENDIX F REFERENCED SPECIFICATIONS 73
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Page
APPENDIX G SPIRAL BEVEL GEAR-TOOTH CONTACT ARRANGEMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR INSPECTION 75
APPENDIX H RESIDUAL UNBALANCE WORKSHEETS 85
Figures
Shaft Assembly Designations 7
Shaft Rotation Designations 8
Material Index Number, Through Hardened 11
Allowable Bending Stress Number, Sa 12
Lateral Critical Speed Map for a Typical Rotor 54
Mode Shapes versus Support Stiffness for a Typical Rotor 55
Typical Circulating Lube-oil System for Gear Units 59
Typical Pressurized Lube-oil System for Hydrodynamic
Bearings in Gear Units 60
Gear-tooth Nomenclature 75
Determining Mounting Distances 76
Reference Points in Bevel Gear Drives 78
Backlash in the Plane of Rotation 79
Measurement of Normal Backlash 81
Axial Movement Necessary to Obtain a Change in Backlash 82
Typical No Load Tooth Contact Pattern 83
Preferred Contact Resulting from Correct Mounting Position 83
Common Types of Contact Error 84
Residual Unbalance Worksheet 87
Residual Unbalance Polar Plot Worksheet 88
Sample Residual Unbalance Worksheet for Left Plane 89
Sample Residual Unbalance Polar Plot Worksheet for Left Plane 90
Sample Residual Unbalance Worksheet for Right Plane 91
Sample Residual Unbalance Polar Plot Worksheet for Right Plane 92
Tables
Driver Trip Speeds 4
Shaft Assembly Combinations 5
Minimum Gear Service Factors 8
Material Index Number, Im and Maximum L/d Ratios 11
Allowable Bending Stress Number, Sa 12
Overhung Load Factors Applied to Parallel Shaft and Right Angle Gears 12
Drain Pipe Sizes 16
Casing Vibration Levels 21
Maximum dmN Numbers for Rolling Element Bearings 22
Gear Unit Housings 63
Shafts, Pinionsc, & Gear Wheelsc 63
Fabricated Gears 64
G-1 Recommended Values of Normal Backlash at Tight Points
of Mesh (All Values in Inches) 78
vii
General-purpose Gear Units for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services
This standard covers the minimum requirements for general-purpose, enclosed single and multistage gear units incorporat- ing parallel shaft helical and right angle spiral bevel gears for the petroleum, chemical, and gas industries. Gears manufactured according to this standard shall be limited to the following pitchline velocities. Helical gears shall not exceed 60 m/s (12,000 ft/ min), and spiral bevels shall not exceed 40 m/s (8,000 ft/min). Spiral bevel gearsets shall be considered matched sets.
Note 1: This standard is not intended to apply to gears in special-purpose service, which are covered in API Std 613; to gears integral with other equipment; to epicyclic gear assemblies; or gears with non-involute tooth forms.
Note 2: This standard requires the purchaser to specify certain details and features. A bullet (•) at the beginning of a paragraph indicates that either a decision by, or further information from, the purchaser is required. Further information should be shown on the data sheets or stated in the quotation request and purchase order.
General-purpose gears are applied in equipment trains that are usually spared, or are in noncritical service.
Typical applications for which this standard is intended are cooling tower water pump systems, forced and induced draft fan sys- tems, and other general-purpose equipment trains.
The vendor may offer alternative designs. Equivalent metric dimensions, fasteners, and flanges may be substituted as mutually agreed upon by the purchaser and the vendor.
In case of conflict between this standard and the inquiry or order, the information included in the order shall govern.
Terms used in this standard are defined in 1.4.1 through 1.4.26.
Note: The use of the word design in any term (such as design power, design pressure, design temperature, or design speed) should be avoided in the purchaser’s specifications.
Note 1: The number following the letters DN does not represent a measurable value (ISO 6708: 1995).
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