M00043635
New product
API RP 2FB (R2020) Recommended Practice for the Design of Offshore Facilities Against Fire and Blast Loading, First Edition
standard by American Petroleum Institute, 04/01/2006
This document complements the contents of the Section 18 of API RP 2A, 21st Edition with more comprehensive guidance in design of both fixed and floating offshore structures against fire and blast loading. Guidance on the implementation of safety and environmental management practices and hazard identification, event definition and risk assessment can be found in API RP 75 and the API RP 14 series.
The interface with these documents is identified and emphasized throughout, as structural engineers need to work closely with facilities engineers experienced in performing hazard analysis as described in API RP 14J, and with the operator's safety management system as described in API RP 75. Product Details
Edition: 1st Published: 04/01/2006 Number of Pages: 74 File Size: 1 file , 1 MB Product Code(s): G2FB01, G2FB01, G2FB01 Note: This product is unavailable in Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Syria
In stock
Warning: Last items in stock!
Availability date: 01/06/2022
API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 2FB FIRST EDITION, APRIL 2006
REAFFIRMED, SEPTEMBER 2020
API publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.
Neither API nor any of API’s employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of API’s employees, subcontractors, consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.
API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication may conflict.
API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operating practices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publications is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.
Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 200 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Suite 1100, Washington, DC 20001.
Copyright © 2006 American Petroleum Institute
This recommended practice is under jurisdiction of the API Subcommittee on Offshore Structures. This Recommended Practice for the Design of Offshore Structures against Fire and Blast Loading is based on sound engineering principles and many years of experience gained by the owners, operators, designers, fabricators, suppliers, and classification/certification agencies of offshore facilities. In no case is any specific recommendation included that could not be accomplished by presently available techniques and equipment. Consideration is given in all cases to the safety of personnel, compliance with existing regulations, and prevention of pollution.
This recommended practice has been developed with the help and extensive contributions from industry experts of different areas of expertise. This recommended practice covers both fixed and floating structures that are in use by the industry as offshore oil and gas production systems. These include systems supported by column-stabilized units (semi- submersible vessels), ship-shaped vessels, Tension Leg Platforms (TLP), deep draft caisson vessels (also known as SPARs), and other hull shapes.
This recommended practice provides an assessment process for the consideration of fire and blast in the design of offshore structures and includes guidance and examples for setting performance criteria. This document complements the contents of the Section 18 of API RP 2A, 21st Edition with more comprehensive guidance in design of both fixed and floating offshore structures against fire and blast loading. Guidance on the implementation of safety and environmental management practices and hazard identification, event definition and risk assessment can be found in API RP 75 [51] and the API RP 14 series [52, 53]. The interface with these documents is identified and emphasized throughout, as structural engineers need to work closely with facilities engineers experienced in performing hazard analysis as described in API RP 14J [52], and with the operator’s safety management system as described in API RP 75 [51].
This recommended practice provides general guidelines for incorporating hazard analysis output into the structural response assessment in determining whether the structure or its components meet the specified performance criteria.
This recommended practice includes code provisions and associated commentary. The commentary provides design guidelines for the evaluation of structural response to fire and blast loads. Nominal blast load cases are provided for certain classes of facilities. Guidance is also provided for the calculation of fire loads. Discussion of alternative methods for the calculation of blast loads, in lieu of applicable nominal load cases, is included with reference to sources of detailed guidance. The commentary also includes examples of good practice for fire and blast design including guidelines for facilities layout and structural connection detailing.
Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.
This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institute, 200 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Suite 1100, Washington, DC 20001. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.
Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status
of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updated quarterly by API, 200 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Suite 1100, Washington, DC 20001.
Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards and Publications Department, API, 200 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Suite 1100, Washington, DC 20001, standards@api.org.
0 DEFINITIONS 1
GENERAL 2
RISK ASSESSMENT 3
General 3
Screening 3
Nominal Loads 4
Event Based 4
Probability of Event 5
Consequence of Event 6
Performance Criteria 7
Risk Assessment Process 8
FIRE AS A LOAD CONDITION 10
STRUCTURAL RESPONSE ASSESSMENT AGAINST FIRE 10
FIRE MITIGATION 12
General 12
Firewalls 12
Passive Fire Protection 13
BLAST AS A LOAD CONDITION 14
Blast Overpressure 14
Drag Loads 15
Shock and Global Reaction Loads 15
STRUCTURAL RESPONSE ASSESSMENT AGAINST BLAST 15
Dynamic Effects 15
Structural Assessment for Blast 15
Blast Load Levels 17
BLAST MITIGATION 17
Mitigation of the consequences of blast 17
Ventilation 18
Blast Relief Panels 18
Blast Walls 18
FIRE AND BLAST INTERACTION 18
FLOATING STRUCTURES 18
Characteristics of Floating Structures 19
Specific Issues with Floating Structures 19
Specific Design Issues 22
MATERIAL 22
LIMITED CONSTRUCTION GUIDANCE 22
Plating 22
Braces and Struts to Ceiling Ties 22
Beams 22
GOOD PRACTICE DETAILING 23
COMMENTARY 25
COMMENTARY ON SECTION 2—RISK ASSESSMENT 25
COMMENTARY ON SECTION 3—FIRE AS A LOAD CONDITION 25
COMMENTARY ON SECTION 4—STRUCTURAL RESPONSE
ASSESSMENT AGAINST FIRE 33
COMMENTARY ON SECTION 6—BLAST AS A LOAD CONDITION 36
COMMENTARY ON SECTION 7—STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AGAINST BLAST 50
COMMENTARY SECTION 9—FIRE AND BLAST INTERACTION 53
COMMENTARY ON SECTION 11—MATERIALS 54
REFERENCES 62
Figures
2.4-1 Risk Matrix 5
2.8-1 Risk Assessment Process 9
4-1 Process of Structural Assessment against Fire 11
7-1 Process of Structural Assessment against Blast 16
C.3.2.1-1 Pool Fire 26
C.3.2.2-1 View Factor for Open and Confined Fires 28
C.3.2.2-2 Common View Factors 29
C.3.3-1 Jet Fire 29
C.6.3.3-1 Overpressure Duration Relationship - Hoiset [38] 42
C.6.5-1 Idealized Pressure Trace for a Hydrocarbon Blast 43
C.6.6-1 Generic Response Spectra for a Hydrocarbon Blast 46
C.6.7-1 Blast in a Compartment 47
C.6.7-2 Drag Loading on Piping – Typical Time-History 48
C.13-1 Layout Options 59
C.13-2 Blast Wall Support Details 60
C.13-3 Blast Wall Panels and Penetration Details 61
Tables
5.2-1 Performance Standard for Fire Walls by Rating (For Pool Fire) 14
10.1-1 Floating Installations Sub-systems 19
C.4.1.1-1 Maximum Allowable Temperature of Steel 34
C.4.1.1-2 Yield Stress Reduction Factor with Maximum Member Temperature. 35 C.6.3.1-1 Unmodified Nominal Overpressures by Installation Type 40
C.6.3.2-1 Load Modifiers 41
C.6.4-1 Minimum Blast Overpressure from DNV [9] 43
C.11.1-1 Thermal Properties of Steel 54
C.11.2-1 Young’s Modulus and Yield Stress Reduction Factors for Carbon Steel at ElevatedTemperature (ASTM A-36 and
A-633 GR.C and D) 54
C.11.4-1 Values of D and q for Different Materials 56
C.11.4.1-2 Strain Rate for Different Stress Conditions 57
C.11.4.1-3 Dynamic Strength Increase Factor [39] 57
C.11.6-1 Ductility Ratios for Steel Beams ( y ≈ 50 ksi) 58
Heat Flux (heat density): The rate of heat transfer per unit area normal to the direction of heat flow. A convenient unit is kW m-2 (1 kW m-2 = 317 Btu ft-2 h-1). It is a total of heat transmitted by radiation, conduction and convection.
Mass Burning Rate: The mass-burning rate of a pool fire is the mass of fuel supplied to the flame per unit time, per unit area of the pool. Units are typically kg/m2/sec.