Welding Guidelines for the Chemical, Oil, and Gas Industries

API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 582 FIRST EDITION, MARCH 2001

Welding Guidelines for the Chemical, Oil, and Gas Industries

Downstream Segment

API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 582 FIRST EDITION, MARCH 2001

SPECIAL NOTES

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API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer- ing and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for apply- ing sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.

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Copyright ? 2001 American Petroleum Institute

FOREWORD

API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may con?ict.

Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standardization Manager, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.

This document was initiated and developed through the joint efforts of API and Process Industry Practices (PIP).

iii

APPENDIX A?WELDING CONSUMABLES FOR SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING 9

APPENDIX B?WELD OVERLAY AND CLAD RESTORATION (BACK CLADDING) 13

Page

Figures

12-1?Location of Vickers Hardness Indentations 8

Tables

5-1?Diffusible Hydrogen Limit for FCAW Electrodes 3

6-1?Application of Nickel-Based Electrodes in Sulfur and Non-Sulfur Environments 4

8-1?Recommended Maximum Interpass Temperatures 5

A-1?Carbon and Low Alloy Steel 9

A-2?Stainless Steel Alloys 10

1. 3?Copper-Nickel and Nickel-Based Alloys 11

2. 1?Filler Material Selection for Overlay of Carbon and Low Alloy Steels 13

B-2?Typical Chemical Composition Requirement

for Austenitic Stainless Steel Overlay 14

Welding Guidelines for the Chemical, Oil, and Gas Industries

1. Scope

   1. This recommended practice, initiated and developed through the joint efforts of API and Process Industry Practices (PIP), provides supplementary guidelines and practices for welding and welding-related topics for shop and ?eld fabrica- tion, repair and modi?cation of:

      1. Pressure-containing equipment (such as pressure vessels, heat exchangers, tankage, piping, heater tubes, pressure boundaries of rotating equipment, and attachments welded thereto).

      2. Non-removable internals for pressure vessels.

      3. Structural items attached and related to process equipment.

      4. Any other equipment or component item when referenced by an applicable purchase document.

   2. This document is general in nature and is intended to augment the welding requirements of ASME Section IX and similar codes, standards and practices such as those listed in Section 2. The intent of this document is to be inclusive of chemical, oil and gas industry standards, although there are many areas not covered, e.g., pipeline welding and offshore structural welding.

   3. This document is based on industry experience and any restrictions or limitations may be waived or augmented by the purchaser.

2. References

   Unless stated otherwise, applicable requirements in the latest issue of the following industry codes, standards and practices shall be considered an integral part of this recom- mended practice. Other codes and standards are speci?ed by the purchaser.

   API

   API 510 Pressure and Vessel Inspection Code—Main- tenance Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration

   Std. 650 Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage

   ASME1

   Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code

   Section II, ?Materials Part C?Speci?ca- tions for Welding Rods, Electrodes and Filler Metals?

   Section VIII, Rules for Construction of

   ?Pressure Vessels?, Division I, and Divi- sion II?Alternative Rules?

   
   

   1American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, New York, New York 10017, www.asme.org.

   1

   
   

   Section IX, ?Welding and Brazing Quali?cations?.

   B31.3 Process Piping

   ASTM2

   ASTM A 833 Standard Practice for Indentation Hard- ness of Metallic Materials by Comparison Hardness Testers

   ASTM E 92 Standard Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials

   AWS3

   AWS A4.2 Standard Procedures for Calibrating Mag- netic Instruments to Measure the Delta Ferrite Content of Austenitic and Duplex Ferritic-Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Metal

   AWS A5.32 Specifications for Welding Shielding Gases

   AWS A5.XX Series of Filler Metal Specifications

   AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code—Steel

   AWS D1.6 Structural Welding Code—Stainless Steel

   NACE4

   RP0472 Standard Recommended Practice: Meth- ods and Controls to Prevent In-Service Environmental Cracking of Carbon Steel Weldments in Corrosive Petroleum Refin- ing Environments

   National Board5

   NB-23 National Board Inspection Code

   
   

3. Definitions

   1. applicable code: The code or standard speci?ed by the purchaser to which the equipment shall conform.

   2. inspector: Purchaser?s representative.

   3. procedure qualification record (PQR): A record of welding variables used to produce an acceptable test weld- ment and the results of tests conducted on the weldment to qualify a welding procedure speci?cation.

   4. purchaser: The party that issues the purchase order. This may be the user or owner of the equipment or compo- nent, or the purchaser?s designated agent (e.g., engineering contractor).

2American Society of Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428-2959, www.astm.org.

3American Welding Society, 550 NW LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 4National Association of Corrosion Engineers-International, P.O. Box 218340, Houston, Texas 77218, www.nace.org.

5National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors, 1055 Crupper Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43229, www.nationalboard.com.