Line Pipe

API SPECIFICATION 5L

FORTY-SIXTH EDITION, APRIL 2018

API MONOGRAM PROGRAM EFFECTIVE DATE: MAY 1, 2019 ERRATA 1, MAY 2018

Date of Issue: May 2018

Affected Publication: API Specification 5L, Line Pipe, Forty-Sixth Edition, April 2018

Errata 1

Page 60, Table 22:

The top five rows of the table shall read like below. Cells surrounded by a red box contain updated values:

Special Notes

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Users of this specification should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Sound business, scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained herein.

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Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to particular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer or supplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet.

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Copyright © 2018 American Petroleum Institute

Foreword

Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.

The verbal forms used to express the provisions in this specification are as follows:

• the term “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the standard;

  
  

• the term “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to the standard;

  
  

• the term “may” is used to express permission or a provision that is optional;

  
  

• the term “can” is used to express possibility or capability.

Informative elements — As used in a standard, “informative” denotes elements that identify the document, introduce its content, and explain its background, development, and its relationship with other documents or provide additional information intended to assist the understanding or use of the document.

Normative elements — As used in a standard, “normative” denotes elements that describe the scope of the document and that set out provisions that are required to implement the standard.

This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the Director.

Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every 5 years. A one- time extension of up to 2 years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.

Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standards@api.org.

1. Scope 1

   1. Coverage 1

   2. Application of the API Monogram 1

2. Normative References 1

3. Terms, Definitions, Symbols, and Abbreviations 4

   1. Terms and Definitions 4

   2. Symbols 11

   3. Abbreviations 13

4. Conformity 14

   1. Units of Measurement 14

   2. Rounding 14

5. Compliance to This Specification 14

   1. Quality 14

   2. Other Terms and Definitions 15

   3. References to Annexes 15

6. Pipe Grades and Steel Grades, and Delivery Condition 16

   1. Pipe Grades and Steel Grades 16

   2. Delivery Condition 16

7. Information to Be Supplied by the Purchaser 18

   1. General Information 18

   2. Additional Information 18

8. Manufacturing 22

   1. Process of Manufacture 22

   2. Processes Requiring Validation 24

   3. Starting Material 24

   4. Tack Welds 25

   5. Weld Seams in COW Pipe 26

   6. Weld Seams in SAW Pipe 26

   7. Weld Seams in Double-seam Pipe 26

   8. Treatment of Weld Seams in EW and LW Pipe 26

   9. Cold Sizing and Cold Expansion 26

   10. Coil/Plate End Welds 27

   11. Jointers 27

   12. Heat Treatment 27

   13. Traceability 27

9. Acceptance Criteria 28

   1. General 28

   2. Chemical Composition 28

   3. Tensile Properties 31

   4. Hydrostatic Test 33

   5. Bend Test 33

   6. Flattening Test 33

   7. Guided-bend Test 33

   8. CVN Impact Test for PSL 2 Pipe 34

   9. DWT Test for PSL 2 Welded Pipe 35

      
      

   10. Surface Conditions, Imperfections, and Defects 36

   11. Dimensions, Mass, and Tolerances 37

   12. Finish of Pipe Ends 42

   13. Tolerances for the Weld Seam 44

   14. Tolerances for Mass 47

   15. Weldability of PSL 2 Pipe 48

10. Inspection 48

    1. Types of Inspection and Inspection Documents 48

    2. Specific Inspection 49

11. Marking 74

    1. General 74

    2. Pipe Markings 75

    3. Coupling Markings 77

    4. Marking of Pipe to Multiple Grades 78

    5. Thread Identification and Certification 78

    6. Pipe Processor Markings 78

12. Coatings and Thread Protectors 79

    1. Coatings and Linings 79

    2. Thread Protectors 79

13. Retention of Records 79

14. Pipe Loading 80

Annex A (informative) API Monogram Program: Use of the API Monogram by Licensees 81

Annex B (normative) Manufacturing Procedure Qualification for PSL 2 Pipe 85

Annex C (normative) Treatment of Surface Imperfections and Defects 90

Annex D (normative) Repair Welding Procedure 92

Annex E (normative) Nondestructive Inspection for Pipe Not Required to Meet Annex H, J, or N 99

Annex F (normative) Requirements for Couplings (PSL 1 Only) 112

Annex G (normative) PSL 2 Pipe with Resistance to Ductile Fracture Propagation 115

Annex H (normative) PSL 2 Pipe Ordered for Sour Service 122

Annex I (normative) Pipe Ordered as TFL Pipe 136

Annex J (normative) PSL 2 Pipe Ordered for Offshore Service 138

Annex K (normative) Nondestructive Inspection for Pipe Ordered for Sour Service, Offshore Service,

and/or Service Requiring Longitudinal Plastic Strain Capacity 153

Annex L (informative) Steel Designations 158

Annex M (normative) Specification for Welded Jointers 160

Annex N (normative) PSL 2 Pipe Ordered for Applications Requiring Longitudinal Plastic Strain Capacity. 162 Annex O (informative) Additional Information for Use of the API Monogram by Licensees 179

Annex P (informative) Equations for Threaded and Coupled Pipe and Background Equations for

Guided-bend and CVN Test Specimens 181

Bibliography 192

Figures

1. Measuring Full-length Straightness 41

2. Measuring End Straightness 42

3. Reference When Using a Fixed Square Measurement 44

4. Dimensional Deviations of the Weld Seam 44

5. Sample and Test Piece Orientation and Locations 53

6. Flattening Tests 54

7. Location of Charpy Test Specimens 59

8. Guided-bend Test Pieces 60

9. Jigs for Guided-bend Test 64

C.1 Resultant Cavity of Weld Repair (PSL 2 Only) 91

D.1 Guided-bend Test Piece 96

F.1 Line Pipe and Coupling 114

H.1 Location of Hardness Tests 133

J.1 Location of Hardness Tests 150

M.1 Segment Identification Marking Sequence Example 161

N.1 Location of Hardness Tests 177

1. Threaded and Coupled Pipe 182

2. Pipe Coupling 183

3. Determination of Minimum Wall Thickness for Charpy Standard V-Notch Specimens 189

4. Determination of Minimum Wall Thickness for Tapered CVN Specimens 190

Tables

1. Pipe Grade and Steel Grades, and Acceptable Delivery Conditions 17

2. Acceptable Process of Manufacture and PSLs 22

3. Acceptable Manufacturing Routes for PSL 2 Pipe 23

4. Chemical Composition for PSL 1 Pipe with t < 25.0 mm (0.984 in.) 29

5. Chemical Composition for PSL 2 Pipe with t < 25.0 mm (0.984 in.) 30

6. Requirements for the Results of Tensile Tests for PSL 1 Pipe 31

7. Requirements for the Results of Tensile Tests for PSL 2 Pipe 32

8. CVN Absorbed Energy Requirements for Pipe Body of PSL 2 Pipe 35

9. Permissible Specified Outside Diameter and Specified Wall Thickness 38

10. Tolerances for Diameter and Out-of-roundness 39

11. Tolerances for Wall Thickness 40

12. Tolerances for Random Length Pipe 41

13. Maximum Angle of Internal Taper for SMLS Pipe 43

14. Maximum Permissible Radial Offset for SAW and COW Pipe 46

15. Maximum Permissible Depth of Groove for EW and LW Pipe 46

16. Maximum Permissible Weld Bead Height for SAW and COW Pipe (Except at Pipe Ends) 47

17. Inspection Frequency for PSL 1 Pipe 50

18. Inspection Frequency for PSL 2 Pipe 51

19. Number, Orientation, and Location of Test Pieces per Sample for Mechanical Tests for PSL 1 Pipe. . . 55

20. Number, Orientation, and Location of Test Pieces per Sample for Mechanical Tests for PSL 2 Pipe. . . 56

21. Relationship between Pipe Dimensions and Round Bar Test Piece Diameter for Transverse Tensile Tests 57

    
    

22. Relationship between Pipe Dimensions and Required Impact Test Piece for PSL 2 Pipe 60

23. Strain Values for Guided-bend Test 65

24. Test Pressures for Light-wall Threaded Pipe 67

25. Test Pressures for Heavy-wall Threaded Pipe 68

26. Percentage of Specified Minimum Yield Strength for Determination of S 69

27. Paint Color 77

D.1 Guided-bend Test Jig Dimensions 97

1. Pipe Weld Seam Nondestructive Inspection 100

2. SMLS Pipe Body Nondestructive Inspection 100

3. ISO Wire-type IQI for Radiographic Inspection 102

4. ASTM Wire-type IQI for Radiographic Inspection 102

5. Elongated Slag-inclusion-type Imperfections 104

6. Circular Slag-inclusion-type and Gas-pocket-type Imperfections 104

7. Reference Indicators 106

8. Acceptance Limit 108

F.1 Coupling Dimensions, Masses, and Tolerances 113

1. Minimum CVN Absorbed Energy Requirements for a Design Factor of 0.625 118

2. Minimum CVN Absorbed Energy Requirements for a Design Factor of 0.72 119

3. Minimum CVN Absorbed Energy Requirements for a Design Factor of 0.80 120

1. Chemical Composition for Pipe with t < 25.0 mm (0.984 in.) 126

2. Requirements for the Results of Tensile Tests 127

3. Inspection Frequency 129

4. Number, Orientation, and Location of Test Pieces per Sample for Hardness Tests 130

1. Dimensions, Masses per Unit Length, and Test Pressures for TFL Pipe 137

2. Drift Mandrel Dimensions 137

1. Chemical Composition for Pipe with t < 25.0 mm (0.984 in.) 142

2. Requirements for the Results of Tensile Tests 143

3. Tolerances for Diameter and Out-of-roundness 145

4. Tolerances for Wall Thickness 146

5. Maximum Permissible Radial Offset for SAW Pipe 147

6. Inspection Frequency 148

7. Number, Orientation, and Location of Test Pieces per Sample for Mechanical Tests 149

K.1 Acceptance Criteria for Laminar Imperfections 155

L.1 List of Corresponding Additional Steel Designations (Steel Numbers) for Use in Europe 159

1. Chemical Composition for Pipe with t < 25.0 mm (0.984 in.) 166

2. Tolerances for Diameter and Out-of-roundness 169

3. Tolerances for Wall Thickness 170

4. Eccentricity at Pipe Ends for Seamless Pipe 170

5. Maximum Permissible Radial Offset for SAW Pipe 171

6. Inspection Frequency 172

7. Number, Orientation, and Location of Test Pieces per Sample for Mechanical Tests 174

Introduction

This specification is based on API Spec 5L, 45th Edition.

In the preparation of this document, the technical committee maintained the concept of two basic levels of standard technical requirements for line pipe expressed as two product specification levels (PSL 1 and PSL 2). Level PSL 1 provides a standard quality level for line pipe. Level PSL 2 has additional mandatory requirements for chemical composition, notch toughness and strength properties, and additional nondestructive testing. Requirements that apply to only PSL 1 or to only PSL 2 are so designated. Requirements that are not designated to a specific PSL designation apply to both PSL 1 and PSL 2 pipes.

The technical committee also recognized that the petroleum and natural gas industries often specify additional requirements for particular applications. In order to accommodate such needs, optional additional requirements for special applications are available, as follows:

• PSL 2 pipe ordered with a qualified manufacturing procedure (Annex B), the requirements of which have been enhanced to include verification detail of critical processes in the production of feedstock material, line pipe manufacture, and product testing and inspection;

  
  

• PSL 2 pipe ordered with resistance to ductile fracture propagation in gas pipelines (Annex G);

  
  

• PSL 2 pipe ordered for sour service (Annex H);

  
  

• pipe ordered as “through the flowline” pipe (Annex I);

  
  

• PSL 2 pipe ordered for offshore service (Annex J).

  
  

  The following new annex has been added to this specification:

  
  

• PSL 2 Pipe Ordered for Applications Requiring Longitudinal Plastic Strain Capacity (Annex N). The requirements of the annex apply only when specified on the purchase order.

When pipe is ordered for dual or multiple applications, the requirements of more than one annex for special applications can be invoked. In such instances, if a technical conflict arises due to applying the requirements of more than one annex for special applications, the most stringent requirement applicable to the intended service shall apply.

This specification does not provide guidance on when it is necessary to specify the above supplementary requirements. Instead, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify, based on the intended use and design requirements, which, if any, of the supplementary requirements apply for a particular purchase order.

Consideration has been given to traditional symbols (denoting mechanical or physical properties or their values, dimensions, or test parameters) and the format of equations that have been widely used and which (in their traditional format) maintain strong links with other widely used standards and specifications, and with the original scientific work that led to their derivation. Accordingly, some symbols and equations, most specifically those in 9.2 and Table F.1 and Annex P, have been retained in their traditional form to avoid causing confusion. Where changes have been made, care has been taken to ensure that the new symbol replacing the traditional one has been fully and clearly defined.

Line Pipe

1. Scope

   
   

   1. Coverage

      
      

      This specification specifies requirements for the manufacture of two product specification levels (PSL 1 and PSL 2) of seamless and welded steel pipe for use in pipeline transportation systems in the petroleum and natural gas industries.

      
      

      This specification is not applicable to cast pipe.

      
      

   2. Application of the API Monogram

      
      

      If the product is manufactured at a facility licensed by the American Petroleum Institute (API) and is intended to be supplied bearing the API Monogram, the requirements of Annex A apply.

      
      

2. Normative References

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any addenda or errata) applies.

API Recommended Practice 5A3, Thread Compounds for Casing, Tubing, and Line Pipe

API Recommended Practice 5L3, Drop-Weight Tear Tests on Line Pipe

API Specification 5B, Threading, Gauging, and Thread Inspection of Casing, Tubing, and Line Pipe Threads

API Standard 5T1, Imperfection Terminology

1

ASNT SNT-TC-1A , Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A — Non-Destructive Testing

2

ASTM A370 , Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products

ASTM A435, Standard Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Plates

ASTM A578, Standard Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Plain and Clad Steel Plates for Special Applications

ASTM A751, Standard Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products ASTM A941, Standard Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys ASTM A956, Standard Test Method for Leeb Hardness Testing of Steel Products

1

American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate Lane, Columbus, Ohio 43228, https://www.asnt.org.

2

ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428, https://www.astm.org.

1