Design, Construction, Operation, Maintenance, and Inspection of Terminal and Tank Facilities

API STANDARD 2610

THIRD EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2018

Special Notes

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Copyright © 2018 American Petroleum Institute

Foreword

Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.

The verbal forms used to express the provisions in this document are as follows.

Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the standard.

Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to the standard.

May: As used in a standard, “may” denotes a course of action permissible within the limits of a standard. Can: As used in a standard, “can” denotes a statement of possibility or capability.

This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.

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Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standards@api.org.

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Contents

Page

1. Scope and Purpose 1

   1. Overview 1

   2. Petroleum Terminals 1

   3. Pipeline Tankage Facilities 1

   4. Refinery Facilities 1

   5. Bulk Plants 2

   6. Lubricant Blending and Packaging Facilities 2

   7. Asphalt Plants 2

   8. Aviation Service Facilities 2

   9. Nonapplicability and Retroactivity 2

   10. Governmental Requirements and Reviews 3

2. Normative References 3

3. Terms and Definitions 12

4. Site Selection and Spacing Requirements 14

   1. Overview 14

   2. Site Selection 14

   3. Spacing Requirements 15

5. Pollution Prevention and Waste Management 16

   1. Applicability 16

   2. Waste Management Hierarchy 17

   3. Pollution Prevention 18

   4. Waste Management Practices 21

6. Safe Operations of Terminals and Tanks 22

   1. General 22

   2. Hazard Identification 22

   3. Operating Procedures 23

   4. Safe Work Practices 23

   5. Emergency Response and Control Procedures 23

   6. Management of Change 24

   7. Training 24

   8. Pre-start-up Safety and Operational Inspection 24

   9. Incident Investigation 25

   10. Contractor Safety 25

7. Fire Prevention and Protection 25

   1. General 25

   2. Fire Prevention 25

   3. Fire-fighting Equipment 27

   4. Fire Extinguishment and Control 28

   5. Fire Protection Water Supplies 29

   6. Fire Emergency Plan 30

   7. Exposure Protection 30

   8. Special Product Considerations 31

8. Tanks 32

   1. Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tanks 32

   2. Operations, Inspections, Maintenance, and Repair for Aboveground Tanks 37

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   3. Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) ASTs 39

   4. Underground Storage Tanks (USTs) and Piping 39

   5. UST Vapor Emissions 40

9. Dikes and Berms 40

   1. Overview 40

   2. Dikes 40

   3. Berms 42

10. Pipe, Valves, Pumps, and Piping Systems 43

    1. General 43

    2. Material Compatibility 43

    3. Piping Systems 43

    4. Piping Components 45

    5. Pumps 47

    6. Pipeline Integrity Assurance of Existing Piping Systems 48

    7. Testing Following Construction 49

11. Loading, Unloading, and Product Transfer Facilities 49

    1. Scope 49

    2. General Design 49

    3. Truck Loading/Unloading 50

    4. Rail Tank Car Loading and Unloading 53

    5. Marine Loading/Unloading 55

    6. Aviation Loading/Unloading 56

    7. Vapor Control 57

    8. Oxygenate Blending 59

    9. Emergency Shutdown Systems and Procedures 59

    10. Product Testing 60

    11. Communication 60

    12. Measurements 60

    13. Valves, Lines, Loading Arms, and Hose Product Identification 60

    14. Release Prevention System in Loading/Unloading Areas 60

    15. Maintenance/Testing 60

    16. Auxiliary Systems 61

12. Corrosion Control 61

    1. Scope 61

    2. Protective Coatings 61

    3. Internal Tank Lining 66

    4. Cathodic Protection (CP) 68

    5. Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors (VCIs) 70

13. Structures, Utilities, and Yard 71

    1. Structures 71

    2. Utilities 72

    3. Yard 80

14. Removals and Decommissioning of Facility 85

    1. General 85

    2. Site Control and Protection 86

    3. Preparations 86

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    4. Execution 86

    5. Site Assessment and Remediation 87

    6. Closeout and Cleanup 87

    7. Facility Lockout 87

    8. Signage and De-identification 88

Bibliography 89

Figures

1. Typical Electric Service and Distribution System Terminals and Bulk Plants 74

2. Segregated Waste Stream in a Typical Terminal 78

3. Tank Truck Loading Yard Layout Without Garage 82

4. Tank Truck Loading Yard Layout with Garage 83

5. Yard Dimensions for Trucks 84

Introduction

This standard was developed to guide the management of terminals and tanks in a manner that protects the environment and the safety of workers and the public. This standard is intended for petroleum terminal and tank facilities associated with marketing, refining, pipeline, and other similar facilities. This standard may be used as a resource and management guide by those responsible for such facilities and by those working on their behalf. This standard is a compilation of industry knowledge, information, and management practices for all relevant aspects of terminal and tank operations aggregated into an overview document comprising best practices. In instances where greater detail or additional information may be helpful or needed, this standard references other API publications or similar industry guides and standards. It is intended to be consistent with, but is not a substitute for, any applicable federal, state, and local regulations.

The requirements of this standard represent minimum requirements applicable to all facilities within the scope of this document. Some provisions in this standard, as indicated by the use of the word shall, are mandatory and have to be followed to meet the intent of this standard. Some provisions are recommended, as denoted by the word should, but are not mandatory. These provisions will need to be considered based on site-specific factors. Still other provisions are optional, as denoted by the word may. Typically, these will be given where a range of good options exists.

To foster greater awareness and assist the industry in addressing environmental, health, and safety concerns, API has undertaken the development of this single document aggregating the various standards, specifications, and rec- ommended practices on the design, construction, operation, inspection, and maintenance of petroleum terminals and tanks. API also has significant research underway to assist members in addressing issues of groundwater protection and remediation of soil contamination. This research includes the evaluation of improved leak detection technology and the evaluation of better methods to detect and remediate groundwater and soil contamination.

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Design, Construction, Operation, Maintenance, and Inspection of Terminal and Tank Facilities

1 Scope and Purpose

Overview

This standard covers the design, construction, operation, inspection, and maintenance of petroleum terminal and tank facilities associated with marketing, refining, pipeline, and other similar activities as stipulated in 1.2 through

1.8. This standard covers site selection and spacing, pollution prevention and waste management, safe operation, fire prevention and protection, tanks, dikes and berms, mechanical systems, product transfer, corrosion protection, structures, utilities and yard, and removals and decommissioning.

The purpose of this standard is to consolidate a wide base of current industry experience, knowledge, information, and management practices into a cohesive standard comprising a range of best practices.

The values stated for this standard are in U.S. Customary units with the International System of Units (SI) provided in parentheses.

The petroleum industry is engaged in the manufacture, storage, transportation, blending, and distribution of crude oil and refined products. Individual terminal facilities and plants may perform one or more of these functions. These facilities represent diverse operations ranging from small distribution facilities (e.g. bulk plants and warehouses), to large storage and distribution facilities (e.g. pipeline and marine terminals and wholesale plants), to large integrated facilities (e.g. petroleum refineries and grease production, oil blending, and packaging plants). The specific application of this standard within those various types of operations is itemized in 1.2 through 1.8.

Petroleum Terminals

Petroleum terminals may include tank farms, loading and unloading areas, pipeline manifolds, storage areas, warehouses, docks, garages, product quality test rooms, and office buildings. Products may be received and distributed by pipeline, marine transport, rail, or truck. Bulk quantities of refined products are stored in aboveground tanks for distribution in smaller quantities to industrial customers, to commercial consumers, and to retail and wholesale marketing facilities. Petroleum terminals may also store petroleum products in consumer packaging, bulk containers, totes, and drums. See USCG 33 CFR Parts 154 and 156.

Pipeline Tankage Facilities

Pipeline tankage facilities consist of breakout tanks and tank farms used to receive and transport petroleum (crude oil and refined products) from pipelines and to provide surge relief from pipeline operations (see Office of Pipeline Safety regulation PHMSA 49 CFR Part 195).

Refinery Facilities

Provisions for loading and unloading areas, docks, blending and packaging facilities, warehouses, and some refinery tankage facilities are included in this standard. Refinery tankage covered by this standard does not include those aboveground tanks or groups of tanks as defined in 1.2 c) (e.g. process tanks).

Examples of covered refinery tankage include tanks that are used to accomplish the following.

1. Receive incoming crude oil.

   
   

2. Store intermediate products or components outside of the refinery process units.

1