Linings of Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tank Bottoms

API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 652 THIRD EDITION, OCTOBER 2005

Lining of Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tank Bottoms

Downstream Segment

API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 652 THIRD EDITION, OCTOBER 2005

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Copyright © 2005 American Petroleum Institute

FOREWORD

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iii

1. SCOPE 1

2. REFERENCES 1

   1. Codes, Standards, and Specifications 1

   2. Other References 2

3. DEFINITIONS. 2

4. CORROSION MECHANISMS 4

1. Chemical Corrosion 4

2. Concentration Cell Corrosion 4

3. Galvanic Cell Corrosion 4

4. Corrosion Caused by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria 4

5. Erosion-Corrosion 5

6. Fretting-Related Corrosion 5

5 DETERMINATION OF THE NEED FOR TANK BOTTOM LINING 5

1. Linings for Corrosion Prevention 5

2. Tank Corrosion History 5

3. Tank Foundation 5

6 TANK BOTTOM LINING SELECTION 6

1. Thin-Film Tank Bottom Linings 6

2. Thick-Film, Reinforced Tank Bottom Linings 7

3. Thick-Film, Un-reinforced Linings 8

4. Circumstances Affecting Lining Selection 8

7 SURFACE PREPARATION 9

1. Pre-cleaning 10

2. Bottom Repair and Weld Preparation 10

3. Environmental Conditions During Blasting 10

4. Surface Profile or Anchor Pattern 10

5. Air and Abrasive Cleanliness 10

6. Removal of Dust 11

8 LINING APPLICATION 11

1. Guidelines for Lining Application. 11

2. Temperature and Humidity Control 11

3. Lining Thickness 11

4. Lining Curing 11

1. QUALITY CONTROL INSPECTION 11

   1. General 11

   2. Qualification of Inspection Personnel 12

   3. Recommended Inspection Parameters 12

2. EVALUATION AND REPAIR OF EXISTING LININGS 12

1. Evaluation Methods 12

2. Evaluation Criteria for Linings 12

   v

   
   

3. Evaluating Serviceability of Existing Linings 12

4. Determining the Cause of Lining Degradation/Failure 13

5. Lining Repair and Replacement 13

1. MAXIMIZING LINING SERVICE LIFE BY PROPER MATERIAL

   SELECTION AND SPECIFICATION. 13

   1. Lining Material Selection 14

   2. Written Specification 14

2. SAFETY 14

   1. General 14

   2. Tank Entry 14

   3. Surface Preparation and Lining Application 14

   4. Manufacturer’s Material Safety Data Sheets 14

Tables

1. Thin-film Tank Bottom Lining Systems 6

2. Thick-film, Tank Bottom Lining Resins 7

Linings of Aboveground Storage Tank Bottoms

1 Scope

This recommended practice provides guidance on achiev- ing effective corrosion control in aboveground storage tanks by application of tank bottom linings. It contains information pertinent to the selection of lining materials, surface prepara- tion, lining application, cure, and inspection of tank bottom linings for existing and new storage tanks. In many cases, tank bottom linings have proven to be an effective method of preventing internal corrosion of steel tank bottoms.

The intent of this recommended practice is to provide information and guidance specific to aboveground steel stor- age tanks in hydrocarbon service. Certain practices recom- mended herein may also be applicable to tanks in other services. This recommended practice is intended to serve only as a guide. Detailed tank bottom lining specifications are not included.

This recommended practice does not designate specific tank bottom linings for every situation because of the wide variety of service environments.

NACE No.10/SSPC-PA 6 and NACE No. 11/SSPC-PA 8

are industry consensus standards for installation of linings on tank floors and vessels. They are written in compulsory lan- guage and contain specific criteria intended for use by per- sons who provide written specifications for tank and vessel linings. These documents should be given consideration when designing and installing a lining system for steel bot- tom tanks.

ASTM1

D 2583 Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plastics by Means of a Barcol Impressor

D 4414 Standard Practice for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness by Notch Gauges

D 4417 Standard Test Methods for Field Measure- ment of Surface Profile of Blast Cleaned Steel

D 4940 Standard Test Method for Conductimetric Analysis of Water Soluble Ionic Contami- nants of Blasting Abrasives

D 5402 Standard Practice for Assessing the Sol- vent Resistance of Organic Coatings Using Solvent Rubs

E 96 Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials

G 9 Standard Test Method for Water Penetra- tion into Pipeline Coating

DSTAN2

Defense Standard

80-97 Paint System, Medium Build for the Inte- rior of Bulk Fuel Tanks and Fittings

Military Standards3 MIL-PRF

Unless otherwise specified, the most recent edition or revi- sion of the following standards, codes, or specifications shall, to the extent specified herein, form a part of this recom- mended practice.

API

RP 575 Inspection of Atmospheric and Low-Pres- sure Storage Tanks

Std 620 Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low-Pressure Storage Tanks

Std 650 Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage

RP 651 Cathodic Protection of Aboveground Petroleum Storage Tanks

Std 653 Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction

Std 2015 Requirements for Safe Entry and Cleaning of Petroleum Storage Tanks

RP 2016 Guidelines and Procedures for Entering and Cleaning Petroleum Storage Tanks

1

NACE4

37519 Corrosion Data Survey—Metals Section TM0174 Laboratory Methods for the Evaluation of

Protective Coatings and Lining Materials on Metallic Substrates in Immersion Service

RP0188 Discontinuity (Holiday) Testing of New Protective Coatings on Conductive Substrates

1ASTM International, 100 Bar Harbor Drive, West Colshohocken, Pennsylvania, 19428-2959. www.astm.org.

2UK Defence Standardization, Room 1138, Kentigern House, 65 Brown Street, Glasgow, G2 8EX. www.dstan.mod.uk.

3Department of Defense Single Stock Point, 700 Robbins Avenue,

Building 4/Section D, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19111-5098. www.dodssp.daps.dla.mil.

4NACE International, 1440 South Creek Drive, P.O. Box 218340, Houston, Texas 77218-8340. www.nace.org.