Flow-control Devices for Side-pocket Mandrels

API SPECIFICATION 19G2

SECOND EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2020

API MONOGRAM PROGRAM EFFECTIVE DATE: MARCH 12, 2021

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Copyright © 2020 American Petroleum Institute

Foreword

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Contents

Page

1. Scope 1

2. Normative References 1

3. Terms and Definitions 2

4. Symbols and Abbreviated Terms 6

   1. Abbreviations 6

   2. Symbols and Engineering Terms 7

5. Functional Specification 9

   1. General 9

   2. Functional Characteristics 9

   3. Well Parameters 10

   4. Operational Parameters 11

   5. Compatibility with Well-related Equipment 11

   6. Environmental Compatibility 12

   7. Design Validation Grades 12

   8. Device Functional Testing Grades 12

   9. Quality Levels 13

   10. Additional Testing 13

6. Technical Specification 13

   1. General 13

   2. Technical Characteristics 14

   3. Design Criteria 14

   4. Allowable Design Changes 17

   5. Design Verification and Validation Requirements 17

7. Supplier/Manufacturer Requirements 20

   1. General 20

   2. Documentation and Data Control 20

   3. Device Identification Requirements 23

   4. Quality Requirements 23

   5. Heat-treating Equipment Qualification 27

   6. Welding Requirements (Including Brazing and Electron Beam Welds) 27

   7. Nondestructive Examination Requirements 28

   8. Device Functional Testing Requirements 28

   9. Storage and Shipping Preparation 29

   10. Allowable Changes after Manufacturing 30

   11. Reconditioning of Flow-control Devices 30

Annex A (informative) API Monogram Program Use of the API Monogram by Licenses 31

Annex B (normative) Design Validation and Functional Testing Requirements 35

Annex C (normative) Validation and Device Functional Testing Overview 36

Annex D (normative) Interface Testing Requirements 38

Annex E (normative) Insertion Testing Requirements 41

Annex F (normative) Probe and Travel Testing and Load Rate Determination 45

Annex G (normative) Dynamic Flow Testing and Flow Coefficient Calculation 55

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Contents

Page

Annex H (normative) Back-check Testing Requirements 77

Annex I (normative) Opening and Closing Pressure Testing 87

Annex J (normative) Bellows Actuation Life Cycle Testing 95

Annex K (normative) Erosion Testing Requirements 98

Annex L (normative) Shelf (Bellows Integrity) Testing Requirements for

Nitrogen-pressure-charged Flow-control Devices 101

Annex M (normative) Conducting Port/Seat Leakage Rate Testing 104

Figures

E.1—Typical Vertical FCD Insertion Test Stand 42

E.2—Example Insertion Testing Form 1 for PvoT Test Results 43

1. 3—Example Insertion Testing Form 2 for PvcT Test Results 44

2. 1—Typical Flow-control Device Probe Tester 46

F.2—Typical Flow-control Device Probe Tester with LVDT 47

F.3—Probe Test Data Form 1 51

F.4—Example Plot of Stem Travel Data 52

1. 5—Example Chart to Determine Bellows Load Rate 53

2. 1—Standard and Modified Test Configuration 57

G.2—Three-axis Plot of Upstream Pressure, Downstream Pressure and Flow Rate 59

G.3—Example Flow Rate vs Pressure through a Flow-control Device 61

G.4—Dynamic Test Data Form 1 63

G.5—Example of Typical Cv Data 64

G.6— Cv vs Stem Travel 67

G.7—Critical Pressure Ratio vs Stem Travel 68

G.8—Example Test System Response 71

G.9—Flow Coefficient Data Form 2 72

G.10—Example of Equivalent Flow Area vs Stem Travel 74

I.1—Open Pressure Test Conceptual Schematic 88

I.2—Close Pressure Test Conceptual Schematic 89

M.1—FCD Leakage Test Device—Option 1 105

M.2—FCD Leakage Test Device—Option 2 106

Tables

1—Flow-control Device Descriptions 13

2—Design Validation Grade Hierarchy 18

1. 1—Purpose of Normative and Informative Annexes 35

2. 1—Testing Requirements 36

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Introduction

This specification has been developed by users/purchasers and suppliers/manufacturers of subsurface flow-control devices used in side-pocket mandrels (hereafter called flow-control devices) intended for use in the worldwide petroleum and natural gas industry. This specification is intended to provide requirements and information to all parties who are involved in the specification, selection, manufacture, testing, and use of flow-control devices. Further, this specification addresses supplier/manufacturer requirements that set the minimum parameters with which suppliers/manufacturers shall comply to claim conformity with this specification.

This specification has been structured to support varying requirements in design validation, device functional testing, and quality levels. These variations allow the user/purchaser to select the grade for a specific application.

Design validation grades. There are four design validation grades for flow-control devices that provide the user/ purchaser with a range of technical and performance requirements. This ensures that the devices supplied according to this specification meet the requirements and that the user/purchaser is able to compare these requirements with their preference or application and determine whether additional requirements will be placed on the supplier/manufacturer.

It is important that users of this specification be aware that requirements in addition to those outlined herein might be needed for individual applications. This specification is not intended to inhibit a supplier/manufacturer from offering, or the user/purchaser from accepting, alternative equipment or engineering solutions. This can be particularly applicable where there is innovative or developing technology. Where an alternative is offered, it is the responsibility of the supplier/manufacturer to identify any variations from this specification and to provide details.

Device functional testing grades. There are four device functional testing grades for flow-control devices that provide the user/purchaser with a range of choices for confirming that individual devices manufactured under this specification meet the design specifications.

Quality levels. There are two quality levels that provide the user/purchaser with the choice of requirements to meet specific preferences or applications. Additional quality upgrades can be specified by the user/purchaser as supplemental requirements.

In addition to this specification, API 19G1 provides requirements for side-pocket mandrels used in the petroleum and natural gas industry. API 19G3, provides requirements for running, pulling and kick-over tools, and latches used in conjunction with side-pocket mandrel flow-control devices.

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Flow-control Devices for Side-pocket Mandrels

1. Scope

   This specification provides requirements for subsurface flow-control devices used in side-pocket mandrels intended for use in the worldwide petroleum and natural gas industry. This specification addresses injection-pressure-operated (IPO), production-pressure-operated (PPO), pilot, orifice, and dummy flow-control devices. This includes requirements for specifying, selecting, designing, manufacturing, quality control, testing, and preparation for the shipping of flow-control devices. Additionally, it includes information regarding performance testing and calibration requirements.

   
   

   The installation and retrieval of flow-control devices is outside the scope of this specification. Additionally, this specification is not applicable to flow-control devices used in center-set mandrels or with tubing-retrievable applications.

   
   

   This specification does not include requirements for side-pocket mandrels, running, pulling, kick-over tools, or latches that may or may not be covered in other API documents. Reconditioning of used flow-control devices is outside the scope of this specification.

   
   

2. Normative References

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any addenda) applies.

API Q1, Specification for Quality Management

API 19G1, Side-pocket Mandrels

API 19G3, Running Tools, Pulling Tools, and Kick-over Tools and Latches for Side-pocket Mandrels

API 19G4, Practices for Side-pocket Mandrels and Related Equipment

ANSI/NACE MR0175 1, Petroleum and natural gas industries—Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production—Parts 1, 2, and 3

ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 2, Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes

ANSI/NCSL Z540.3 3, Requirements for the Calibration of Measuring and Test Equipment

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code 4, Section II—Part C: Specification for Welding Rods, Electrodes and Filler Metal

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX: Welding and Brazing Qualification

ASTM A370 5, Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products

1. NACE International, 15835 Park Ten Place, Houston, Texas, 77084, www.nace.org.

2. American Society for Quality, 600 North Plankinton Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203, asq.org.

3. NCSL International, 5766 Central Avenue, Suite 150, Boulder, Colorado 80301, www.ncsli.org.

4. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Two Park Avenue, New York, New York 10016-5990, www.asme.org.

5. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, www.astm.org.

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