Additively Manufactured Metallic Components for Use in the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries

API STANDARD 20S

FIRST EDITION, OCTOBER 2021

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Contents

Page

1. Scope 1

   1. Purpose 1

   2. Applicability 1

   3. Additive Manufacturing Specification Levels (AMSL) 1

2. Normative References 2

3. Terms, Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations 4

   1. Terms and Definitions 4

   2. Acronyms and Abbreviations 6

4. Requirements for the Additive Manufacturing Process 7

   1. General 7

   2. Additive Manufacturer Requirements 7

   3. Feedstock Requirements 9

   4. Substrate Requirements 12

   5. Additive Manufacturing Printing Equipment 12

   6. First Article 13

   7. Post-build Processing—First Article 17

   8. Quality Control Requirements—Powder Bed Fusion (LB and EB)—First Article 18

   9. Quality Control Requirements—Directed Energy Deposition (Wire and Blown Metal Powder)—First Article 18

   10. Quality Control Requirements—Binder Jetting—First Article 20

5. Limits on the Qualification of the Additive Manufacturing Process 21

   1. Essential Variables 21

   2. Essential Additive Manufacturing Variables to be Reported 22

   3. Essential Additive Manufacturing Variables Not Reported 22

6. Components Production Control 24

   1. General 24

   2. Manufacturing Process Specification 24

   3. Pre-build Check 24

   4. Batch Control and Powder Reuse 25

   5. Process Interruptions 25

   6. Post-build Processing 25

   7. Marking and Identification of Production Components 26

7. Production Component Quality Control Requirements 27

   1. General 27

   2. Control of Non-conforming Components 27

   3. Material Testing 29

   4. Chemical Analysis 29

   5. Tensile Testing 30

   6. Impact Testing 30

   7. Hardness Testing 30

   8. Microstructure Analysis 30

   9. Density Testing 30

   10. Production Component Non-destructive Examination Requirement 30

8. Documentation 33

   Contents

   Page

   1. General 33

   2. Minimum Documentation and Retention 34

   3. Documentation Provided with the Component(s) 34

9. Handling, Storage, and Shipping 35

Annex A (informative) Non-essential Additive Manufacturing Variables Guidance 36

Annex B (informative) Supplemental Documentation Requirements 37

Annex C (informative) Supplemental Material Test Guidance for Hard Metal Components Manufactured with Binder Jetting 38

Bibliography 39

Figures

1. Qualification Process Flowchart 2

2. Non-conformances Notification Flowchart 29

Tables

1. Quality Control Requirements—Powder Bed Fusion (LB and EB)—First Article 18

2. Quality Control Requirements—Directed Energy Deposition (Wire and Blown Metal Powder)—First Article 19

3. Quality Control Requirements—Binder Jetting First Article 21

4. PBF and DED Essential Additive Manufacturing Variables to be Reported (as applicable) 22

5. BJT Essential Additive Manufacturing Variables to be Reported (as applicable) 22

6. PBF and DED Essential Additive Manufacturing Variables Not Reported (as applicable) 23

7. BJT Essential Additive Manufacturing Variables Not Reported 23

8. Sampling 27

9. Quality Control Requirements—Powder Bed Fusion (LB and EB)—Production Components 31

10. Quality Control Requirements—Directed Energy Deposition (Wire and Blown Metal Powder)— Production Components 32

11. Quality Control Requirements—Binder Jetting—Production Components 33

A.1 Non-essential Additive Manufacturing Variables 36

C.1 Supplemental Material Test Guidance for Hard Metals Components Manufactured with Binder Jetting 38

Additively Manufactured Metallic Components for Use in the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries

1. Scope

   
   

   1. Purpose

      
      

      This standard specifies requirements for qualification of the manufacturing process, production, marking, and documentation of additively manufactured metallic components used in the petroleum and natural gas industries when referenced by an applicable API equipment standard or otherwise specified as a requirement for conformance. The qualification process flowchart is shown in Figure 1.

      
      

   2. Applicability

This standard applies to additively manufactured metallic components produced by powder bed fusion (PBF), directed energy deposition (DED), and binder jetting (BJT) processes.

1.3 Additive Manufacturing Specification Levels (AMSL)

This standard establishes requirements for three additive manufacturing specification levels (AMSL). These three AMSL designations—AMSL 1, AMSL 2, and AMSL 3—define increasing levels of additive manufacturing technical, quality, and qualification requirements.

NOTE An AMSL can be assigned to a component by a product specification or standard, the purchaser, or the

manufacturer.